Tamara Gadaborsheva a, Igor Garkin b, Linar Sabitov c, Fril Akhmetov d
Devices for Regulating Air and Humidity Regimes at Cultural Heritage Objects: Orthodox Temples
a FSBEI HE «Volgograd State Technical University»; b FSBEI HE «Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K. G. Razumovsky» (First Cossack University); c FSAEI HE «Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University»; d FSAEI HE «Naberezhnye Chelny Institute of Kazan Federal University»
Abstract. n Orthodox culture, temples occupy a significant place, as they serve as the center of religious life of the people. In order to continue this tradition, it is necessary to ensure optimal conditions inside temple spaces. In order to improve air quality and preserve the microclimate in Orthodox churches, various techniques are used. However, it is important to preserve the spiritual atmosphere and peculiarities of religious practice. Since the purity of the air inside the temple plays an important role, the use of air purification systems helps to get rid of pollution, dust, bacteria and other harmful substances. Maintaining an optimal microclimate in Orthodox churches is an important aspect for passing on religious traditions and providing believers with a place for spiritual development. A method for removing harmful substances and excess heat from stationary candlesticks in niches is given. The method is intended for removing excessive heat and dust from burning candles and stationary candlesticks near icons and paintings in niches of monasteries and temples. It is realized by removal of heated contaminated air through slotted grids and then enters ventilation channels, from where it is discharged through a valve to the street.
Key words: ventilation, hazards, excess heat, microclimate of churches, air exchange, religious buildings, Orthodox churches, air exchange schemes, comfort indicators.
Rustem Mirkhasanov a, Linar Sabitov a, Igor Garkin b, Leysan Kiyamova c
Chicago School of Architecture: uses of Steel Framework
a FSAEI HE «Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University»; b FSBEI HE «Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K. G. Razumovsky» (First Cossack University); c Kazan Branch of the Non-Profit Association «Rostekhekspertiza»
Abstract. The scientific work is devoted to the study of the «Chicago School of Architecture», which is based on the use of a steel frame. The increase in the structural and engineering component of the formal part to the detriment of the decorative and «ornamental» in artificially created organisms of architecture, sculpture, painting and design is considered, analyzed and recorded. The work analyzes the development of the «Chicago school of architecture» and examines its key concepts and principles. The authors of the work turn to historical research, study of design solutions and analysis of the influence of the Chicago style on modern architectural trends. This scientific work represents a significant contribution to the study of the history of architecture and its influence on various fields of art and design. Studying the «Chicago School of Architecture» provides an opportunity to better understand its contribution to the development of architecture and its significance in the context of modernity. Provides essential educational information and inspires new generations of architects, artists and designers to explore and apply the values and principles of this school in their projects.
Key words: Chicago school, skyscraper, modernization of modern education, schematic (graphic) compositional analysis, composition, rhythm, neo-Gothic, Renaissance, Antiquity, methodology, creative product, design.
Evgeniy Gayvoronskiy
Collection of Cultural Heritage Objects of the Donetsk People’s Republic: Formulation of the Problem of Scientific and Theoretical Justification and Practical Formation
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article is devoted to the statement of the problem of scientific-theoretical substantiation and practical formation of a set of monuments of architecture and monumental art, located on the territory of the Donetsk People’s Republic. The questions of relevance of the research of this problem are considered, including its insufficient theoretical study and practical elaboration, imperfection of normative and methodological base in this direction in the field of cultural heritage protection, as well as the need to generalise, analyse the international practice of creating such documents, as well as the need to identify and adapt positive trends in this direction to the specific conditions of the region. The most successful examples of this practice are given, as well as the most typical and significant existing examples of cultural heritage objects on the territory of the Republic, their historical and cultural potential and the direction of its use in modern conditions are assessed. The scientific programme of the research is formulated, including the aim, tasks, methodology, boundaries of the research, its expected results, their novelty and scientific and practical significance.
Key words: corpus of monuments of architecture and monumental art, Donetsk People’s Republic, objects of cultural heritage, reconstruction, restoration.
Dmitriy Navrotsky a, Darya Djereley a, Mikhail Navrotsky
The use of Underground and Aboveground Structures in Solving the Problems of the Engineering and Transport Donetsk Framework
a FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article is devoted to solving the problem of urban planning formation of the strategic engineering and transport framework of Donetsk with elements of improving the system of underground and aboveground structures. The main task of the article is to trace and identify existing, promising and inevitable places of natural and anthropogenic obstacles to the movement of traffic flows, as well as to determine optimal solutions (underground or aboveground structures), taking into account the terrain and the employment of territories from the standpoint of practical, design and theoretical plane of architectural activity. In the course of the conducted research, existing, promising and inevitable places of natural and anthropogenic obstacles to the movement of traffic flows in the city of Donetsk were identified and most optimal solutions to the problem were considered. Special attention is paid to the development of underground structures at promising sites.
Key words: engineering and transport framework of the city, underground structures, regional features.
Marina Chernysh
Features of the Formation of Open Spaces in the Urban Environment in the Context of the Development of an Industrial City (using the Example of Donbass Cities)
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of «open space» in an urban environment. The conditions for the formation of open spaces are studied, taking into account their functional, compositional, aesthetic, architectural and artistic components. The structural characteristics of constructing the composition of open spaces both in newly built-up urban areas and techniques for preserving and restoring existing objects, taking into account the specific conditions of historically formed territories: regional, urban planning, compositional and stylistic, architectural and planning. The visual compositional methods of forming open spaces of the urban environment are studied, the elements influencing the organization of the appearance of the city, its certain sections, viewpoints are determined, and compositional techniques and means helping to achieve silhouette expressiveness of urban development taking into account open spaces are considered. Considerable attention is paid to the issues of the functional orientation of open spaces, their main architectural and planning forms, silhouettes and types that are used in urban development are determined.
Key words: functional organization, open spaces, composition, techniques, industrial city, urban development, perception, architectural and artistic organization.
Angelina Potanina, Konstantin Yakovenko
Rationale for the Feasibility of Revitalizing Inactive Coal Enterprises in the Cities of the Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR)
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. This article examines the relevance and feasibility of revitalizing inactive coal enterprises in the cities of the Donetsk People’s Republic from the point of view of urban planning and architecture. The reasons for the positive socio-economic effect of revitalization are given, including the restoration of jobs, improvement of infrastructure and the general well-being of the region. The close relationship between the closure of coal mining enterprises and the degradation of not only their own territories, but also the surrounding residential areas is discussed. Possible approaches to the implementation of revitalization programs are considered, taking into account the specifics of this industry and the historical features of the formation of the industrial region. The practical aspects and potential of transition to new types of activities based on non-operating coal mining industrial enterprises are explored in order to ensure sustainable urban development.
Key words: revitalization, revitalization of industrial objects, coal enterprises.
Nickolay Sholukh, Ekaterina Satsura, Victoria Kuchinskaya, Maria Voevoda
Design and Construction for the Needs of People with Limited Mobility as one of the Areas of Training for Architectural Specialties: Organizational and Methodological Aspects
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of developing certain personal and professional qualities in future specialists through their completion of final qualifying works on relevant social and rehabilitation topics. Using the example of considering a number of bachelor’s and master’s theses devoted to the development of special types of social and rehabilitation institutions for people with physical disabilities, the authors consistently reveal some very important organizational and methodological conditions, the implementation of which can contribute to the development of future specialists, on the one hand, such social significant qualities such as compassion, responsiveness and unselfishness, and, on the other hand, such professionally sought-after abilities as high search activity and non-standard divergent thinking, allowing one to avoid formal and template ill-conceived solutions. As a result of the analysis of the presented materials, it is concluded that in the scientific training of future specialists and their personal development, the topics of theses with a pronounced social and humanistic orientation are more preferable and justified than the traditional ones, which are characterized by repetition and a clear underestimation of the importance of such aspects.
Key words: architectural specialties, scientific training and personal development of future specialists, topics of final qualification works, social and rehabilitation institutions for people with physical disabilities, psychophysiological specifics of the contingent and special groups of requirements, specific needs and features of their implementation, socially significant personal and professional qualities, compassion and responsiveness, search activity and divergent thinking.
Alina Sinyakova, Ekaterina Sannikova, Mikhail Borodin
Features of Land use of Recreational Territories of Industrial Enterprises
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article discusses the issue of land management, ensuring recreational use of land in the sphere of human activity. The concept of «recreational zone» is revealed in accordance with regulatory documents, and a diagram of landscape and recreational territories of an industrial city is also provided. The authors paid more attention to the peculiarities of land use of recreational territories of industrial enterprises. Emphasis is placed on the particular importance of creating green areas in industrial zones in order to minimize possible damage to the city’s environment caused by the activities of the enterprise, as well as organizing healthy, complete and varied recreation for employees and workers. The authors focus on five main tasks of improvement and integrated development of industrial territories. The approaches to landscaping the territories of industrial enterprises described in the article are illustrated using the example of a park located on the territory of the Donetsk Metallurgical Plant.
Key words: recreational lands, recreation, landscape and recreational zones, land use, land resources, industrial enterprise, territory of an industrial city.
Ekaterina Barkalova, Marina Chernysh
Interactive Design as One of the Architectural Elements of a Modern Cultural and Educational Center
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article discusses aspects of the application of interactive design in the formation of the architecture of modern cultural and educational centers. Interactive design involves the use of various technologies and tools to create an interactive and attractive environment for society and each individual. Examples of the use of elements of such a design are given, as well as examples of transformable spaces, and the expediency of referring to them in the context of creating a modern architectural object or developing an existing one is justified. The key objectives of interactive design in architecture, the modern elements used, and the material and technical equipment are highlighted. Various elements such as multimedia installations, sensory interactivity, projections and virtual reality are considered, their interaction and role in the formation of a unique architectural space in the context of human interaction with the architectural environment. The effectiveness of the described means and elements in creating an architectural environment harmonious for human life is evaluated in this article.
Key words: interactive design, space, cultural and educational centers, culture, architecture.
Vladimir Vibly
Architectural and Planning Aspects of the Formation of Regional Media Spaces in the City Structure
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. This article examines the dynamic transformations of the urban media space in modern society, where media are an integral part of the everyday life of the modern generation. The development of technologies in the media sphere makes significant changes in the ways of perceiving information. During the analysis, the concepts of «media space», «media information» and «media city» are taken into account. Urban space is understood as a complex of interactions and interdependence between the city and people. Modern society is increasingly immersed in the media environment, faced with a constant increase in the volume of information. Advancing technologies are bringing enormous changes, making the image of a person in the media more influential and significant every year. This process not only forms new structures of perception, but also affects the relationship between urban space and media reality, representing an important aspect of the modern sociocultural landscape.
Key words: urban environment, social space, media environment, media space, media information, media city.
Natalia Gaivoronskaya, Maria Suroven
Architectural and Environmental Reconstruction of the Central Park of Culture and Leisure named after A. P. Chekhov Central Park of Culture and Recreation in Khartsyzsk
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article deals with the problem of the current state of the Central Park of Culture and Recreation named after A. P. Chekhov in the city of Khartsyzsk. Due to the fact that the park is a property of regional importance, but arrives in an inappropriate form, work on architectural and environmental reconstruction of this territory is recommended. The information about the authors and the history of creation is provided. Graphic material has been collected about the current state of the park’s territory, as well as its buildings and structures. A number of measures have been outlined to reintegrate it into the modern architectural and socio-cultural environment of the city. Historically developed planning axes and functional areas of the park are taken into account. It is concluded that it is necessary to generalize, analyze and adapt the international practice of park construction and reconstruction, taking into account modern regionally determined requirements.
Key words: architectural and media reconstruction, Chekhov Central Park of Culture and Recreation in Khartsyzsk, cultural heritage object, concept, Donbass.
Irina Dikaya, Timur Radionov
Architectural Approaches in the Formation of Children’s Medical Complexes in the Conditions of Reconstruction and Modernization
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The history of architecture of medical buildings and structures has led to the emergence of the modern appearance of medical institutions. The formation of an ideal medical environment is closely connected with urban planning features, architectural and planning solutions and operational factors. It is important to remember the need to adhere to these criteria when carrying out reconstruction and modernization. In addition to the aesthetic component, the task of reconstruction and modernization of children’s medical complexes is the correct layout of premises, consideration of ergonomics and safety, use of advanced technologies and materials, as well as ensuring accessibility and usability. Ultimately, modern and innovative approaches in the reconstruction of children’s medical complexes make it possible to create unique and functional buildings that can improve the quality of medical care and provide comfort to patients and staff. The design and architecture of medical facilities are constantly evolving, seeking to take into account new technologies and requirements of modern medicine. Thus, the combination of medical and architectural knowledge allows for the creation of innovative and effective spaces for the provision of medical care to children and their parents.
Key words: architecture, reconstruction, modernization, medicine, layout, functionality, adaptation.
Yulia Gavrish, Evgeniy Alekseev
The Problem of Architectural and Town-Planning Regeneration of Former Manor Estates on the Territory of Donetsk People’s Republic (on the Example of Mayak Settlement in Makeyevka Urban District)
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. This article is aimed at raising the problem of architectural and town-planning regeneration of former manor estates on the territory of the Donetsk People’s Republic (on the example of Mayak settlement in the urban district of Makeyevka). Preliminary analysis of the state of the problem its insufficient study and lack of practical solutions. The questions of relevance of this topic (socio-economic importance, the need to fill the lack of theoretical study and practical elaboration, the need for improvement and development of normative and methodological support, as well as regional adaptation of positive trends in international practice in this area) are considered. The scientific programme of research on the named topic, including the goal, objectives, object and subject, the expected results of the study, as well as their novelty and scientific and practical significance is put forward. Examples of former manor estates in Makiyivka urban district, as well as some examples of objects-analogues from international practice are given. According to the results of preliminary studies of this problem the conclusions are given.
Key words: architectural and town-planning reintegration, former manor estates, Donetsk People’s Republic.
Dmitry Gorpinich, Ekaterina Barkalova
Analysis of International and Domestic Experience in the Architectural and Planning Organization of Educational and Production Centers in the «Modern City» Conditions
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. This article analyzes both global and domestic experience in architectural design and construction of educational and production centers from the perspective of modern requirements. Problems have been formulated for a more detailed consideration of the topic within the framework of the article, which will also be used in the future in the dissertation. Various prerequisites for the formation of training and production centers are considered. The history of the formation and evolution of educational and industrial institutions has been studied. The main classification of training and production centers is presented. Various key principles for the design and construction of training and production centers are considered. The patterns of architectural organization of modern educational facilities are highlighted. Conclusions are formulated on this topic based on the results of its research. This article will be useful to specialists in the field of education, architecture, and designers of educational and production facilities, taking into account the conditions of a modern city.
Key words: educational and production centers, analysis, international experience, domestic experience, architectural design, construction.
Marina Eroshkina, Darya Shcherbakova
Urban Planning Formation of Historical and Architectural Complexes in the Cities of Donbass (on the Example of Donetsk) – Relevance and Problem Statement
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article is devoted to the statement of the problem of architectural and town-planning formation of historical-architectural complexes in the cities of Donbass (on the example of Donetsk). The questions of relevance of the topic of research in this direction, including high socio-economic and socio-cultural importance of historical-architectural complexes in modern society, insufficient study of the problem of their modern architectural and urban planning reintegration in modern conditions, the need to improve and develop the scientific and methodological base of design in this area, the need to generalize, research the best in international practice of similar examples of modern architecture, the need to improve and develop scientific and methodological base of design in this area. The scientific program of the research on the given theme is developed, including the aim, tasks, subject of the research, its methodology and boundaries, supposed scientific novelty and practical significance of the research results. Examples of existing historical and architectural complexes in the cities of the region are given.
Key words: historical-architectural complexes, cities of Donbass, historical and cultural heritage, architectural and town-planning formation, relevance, scientific research program.
Konstantin Marenkov, Ekaterina Kostikova
The Latest Trends in the Formation of the Architecture of Entertainment Complexes with a Developed Functional Structure
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The presented scientific article examines the features of entertainment complexes that were built in Russia, using the example of the Cherry Orchard Theater and the Moscow International House of Music on the Red Hills complex. Modern entertainment complexes are becoming more complex and multifunctional, requiring unique architectural solutions to meet the diverse needs of visitors. Architectural solutions for entertainment complexes play an important role in ensuring maximum comfort and meeting the needs of visitors. These can include elements such as folding and multifunctional stages, highly scalable and flexible spaces, innovative sound and lighting technology, and a variety of capabilities for organizing a variety of events and activities, including concerts, plays, exhibitions and sporting events. This article explores the latest trends in the formation of the architecture of such complexes, focusing on the development of their functional structure. The article examines successful examples of architectural projects, offering an analysis of their functional solutions and impact on meeting the needs of visitors. The issues of integrating digital technologies, managing multitasking and creating a unique atmospheric experience are covered.
Key words: multifunctional theater and entertainment complex, theater, entertainment complex, multifunctional complex, the latest architectural trends.
Konstantin Marenkov, Elizaveta Velikorodova
Mechanisms of BIM-Design Integration in Modeling of Architectural Objects
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. This article discusses the general characteristics of existing computer-aided design software solutions based on BIM modeling technology. The basic principles of using Autodesk AutoCAD, Autodesk Revit, Graphisoft Archicad, Graphisoft Rhinoceros, Renga programs, as well as their advantages and limitations in architectural design, are substantiated. The characteristics of the mechanisms for integrating models based on internationally accepted formats (IFC, XML, DXF-DWG, PDF) are given. The main problem of model integration has been identified. The development of a method for integrating BIM design is justified. Requirements for parameterization of models of buildings and structures have been identified. The concept of neural networks and their structure of the language model of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is considered. The use of neural networks in architecture using the generative design method is considered. The main areas of application of generative design that influence the formation of buildings and structures are identified.
Key words: integration, BIM-design, parameterization, digital technologies, construction, design, modern architecture.
Darya Djereley, Daria Melnik
Analysis of Scientific and Practical Recommendations in the Field of Landscaping and harmonization of the Adjacent Territory of Residential Buildings
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. This article discusses scientific and practical recommendations for the improvement and harmonization of the local area of intra-block development. An important task facing the harmonization of the local area of intra-block development is changing the lifestyle and existing behavioral scenarios of residents, especially in depressed outlying areas. Projects of residential areas and complexes today are based on the principles of diversity and contextuality. New approaches and principles have become the basis for many original open space projects, which are created taking into account local environmental and social factors. The residential environment of many large industrial cities for a long time remained the environment of «dormitory areas». It was primitive and limited in its functionality and aesthetic characteristics, which ultimately had a negative impact on the social climate. Meanwhile, the local area is an important link in the system of open urban spaces, a thin line separating private and public spaces.
Key words: landscaping, harmonization, house territory, internal building, environmental factors, functional characteristics, courtyard space, urban environment, environmental design.
Darya Moskalenko
Modernization of Figurative Expressiveness of Residential Buildings Taking into Account Visual Perception
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. This article discusses approaches to visual perception from the perspective of urban planning, architecture, landscape architecture, psychologyand physiology, fine arts, applicable to the architecture of residential buildings with the aim of modernizing them by means of monumental and decorative organization. An analysis of research and publications was carried out, which made it possible to identify the main areas of study of the problem: angles of visual perception, forms of visual perception, elements of visual perception, dependence of visual perception on distance, spatio-temporal context, location in relation to traffic and pedestrian flow and location on the ground. The data analyzed and supplemented by the author are included in tables for clarity and ease of reading. Discrepancies with the data of the analyzed studies and publications were identified, which are reflected in the conclusions. The dependence of emotional visual perception on the means of monumental and decorative organization used is revealed in the article. Markers of visual attraction in the main types of residential buildings are indicated, depending on their location in relation to the traffic and pedestrian flow, as well as the height indicator, taking into account the «fifth» and «zero» facades, which need to be modernized by means of monumental and decorative organization.
Key words: residential buildings, modernization, visual perception, means of monumental and decorative organization.
Alexey Parakonny
Current Aspects of the Formation of the Architecture of Agro-Industrial Complexes
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article is devoted to identifying relevant aspects of the formation of the architecture of agro-industrial complexes on the territory of the Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR), which are of particular importance and relevance in connection with the development of greenhouse farming in the region. The unique climatic conditions and the economic situation of the DPR have a direct impact on the processes of designing, building and improving agro-industrial complexes. The article discusses the current aspects of the formation of the architecture of agro-industrial complexes. Special attention is paid to innovative and sustainable solutions aimed at increasing production efficiency and improving the quality of agricultural products. One of the main aspects is to explore the possibilities of using modern technologies in greenhouses, such as hydroponics, vertical farming and controlled atmosphere. This will create optimal conditions for the growth and development of plants, as well as optimize the use of resources such as water and energy. The use of new materials, such as solar panels, for energy supply, as well as the use of sustainable structures, will help improve the environmental sustainability of agro-industrial complexes.
Key words: agro-industrial complex, greenhouse economy, greenhouse complex, innovative technologies.
Elvira Pestryakova, Victoria Rybachuk
The Role of Cult Architecture in Shaping the Urban Environment of the Donetsk Region
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. Religious architecture is an integral part of the urban environment. They attract attention with their majestic architecture, unique history and cultural heritage. This article examines the role of religious architecture in the formation of the urban environment of the Donetsk region. The historical, urban planning, functional and compositional aspects of temple construction are analyzed. In the process of research, the principles of placement of religious buildings in the structure of the city were identified. Particular attention is paid to the importance of churches and temples in creating the urban environment, since they not only serve religious purposes, but also are proof of cultural wealth and historical value. In the modern world, where interest in spirituality and religious traditions is growing, religious architecture is becoming an important tool for shaping the identity of a city, creating a unique atmosphere and revealing the depth of cultural and historical heritage.
Key words: architecture, urban environment, religious buildings, Orthodox churches, city structure.
Elvira Pestryakova, Valeriia Khokhlova
Perspective Directions of Development of Architectural Organization of Psychological Rehabilitation Centers
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. In the presented scientific article the main directions of development of architecture of centers of psychological rehabilitation, which will help to provide a comfortable stay of a person taking into account the improvement of psychological impact of the environment on him, are revealed and investigated. Characteristic features and peculiarities of creating a favorable architectural environment at the town-planning, functional-planning, architectural-planning, constructive-technical and compositional-artistic levels taking into account the requirements for low-mobility groups of population, as well as the influence of architectural factors on the psychological state when undergoing rehabilitation are given and considered. Particular attention is paid to the creation of the interior space of the psychological rehabilitation center taking into account modern design requirements. On the basis of the presented material the author formulated conclusions and gave suggestions that can be used in the design of psychological rehabilitation centers, as well as argued the need for the construction of this type of building in the Donetsk People’s Republic.
Key words: psychological rehabilitation, priority directions, adaptation of architectural environment, taking into account the requirements of the disabled, favorable impact.
Natalia Smirnova, Ekaterina Zykina
The Concept of Forming the Architecture of Educational and Research Centres of Modern Art
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of an important scientific and practical problem of substantiating the concept of forming the architecture of educational and research centers of contemporary art. Various approaches that determine how the architecture of educational and research centers of contemporary art is formed are studied and summarized. The main principles and factors of placing such centers in the urban structure were also considered. The optimal architectural and urban structure for such institutions was presented, which is based on the current trends in the development of architectural solutions for buildings and structures of this type. The key factors influencing the creation of architectural forms of educational and research centers of contemporary art were identified, and the features of their compositional and artistic design were determined. The authors provide examples of the formation of educational and research centers at different levels of design of architectural and spatial objects on the basis of the modern model of the new educational cycle. This article will be useful for specialists in the field of education, architecture, designers of educational-research objects with creative orientation.
Key words: educational and research center for modern art, architectural space, form, urban planning, principles.
Natalia Smirnova, Sofia Kostina
Architectural and Typological Features of the Formation of Sports Buildings and Structures
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The presented scientific article reveals architectural and typological features of the formation of sports facilities, which were formulated on the basis of analysis and subsequent generalization of characteristic techniques and principles of architectureplanning organization, taking into account the required sports and technological parameters of the venues of sporting events and ensuring the accessibility of physical culture and sports facilities for people with limited mobility, as well as spatial organization with the possibility of development of the spatial structure of the sports environment in multilevel, saturated with various functions of structures. The architectural and typological classification of sports buildings and structures on the basis of the analysis of normative literature and world experience of design has been resulted. Characteristic features of formation of architectural and planning structure of modern multifunctional sports buildings and structures are highlighted. The theoretical structural model of architectural and typological organization of sports buildings and structures, which allows to determine their semantic composition at the early stages of design, is resulted.
Key words: sports facilities, buildings and complexes; architectural and typological features, the formation of buildings, functions, spatial structure.
Angelina Stupina
Principles and Techniques of Architectural Formation of Construction Industrial Complexes Based on Inactive Coal Mines in the Cities of Donbass
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. This article is devoted to identifying the principles and techniques of architectural formation of construction production complexes based on inactive coal mines in the cities of Donbass. The principles and techniques of architectural formation include a number of methods and rules that are used by architects to create harmonious and functional buildings and structures. This article reveals the main identified principles and methods of architectural formation of construction industrial complexes based on inactive coal mines in the cities of Donbass, which may also be suitable for other regions with similar geological conditions. Historic Preservation Principle: This principle emphasizes the importance of preserving the historical and architectural features of the former coal mine site to create a unique identity for the new industrial complex. The following principles have been identified and formulated: the principle of comfort; principle of integration; principle of information content; the principle of artistic expression. All these principles are important for the formation of a harmonious and functional construction production complex based on a coal mine in the city. Their use will create an attractive space for living, working and relaxing, preserving historical heritage and contributing to the development of urban infrastructure.
Key words: architecture of buildings and structures, their complexes, construction industrial complexes, renovation, cities of Donbass, inactive coal mines.
Elena Tishchenko
Features of Architectural and Urban Planning Organization and Development of Scientific and Technological Complexes in the Cities of Donbass
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. This article analyzes the main directions in which scientific and technological complexes are being formed, and examines approaches to their implementation into the structure of the city. The system principles of the organization of territories of scientific and technological complexes as key elements of the urban environment are formulated, which contributes to the solution of planning, transport, environmental and economic problems at various levels of design. The introduction of innovative technologies in all spheres of life is proof of a high standard of living, as well as an impulse for its further development. Modern materials, innovative devices and devices for various fields of industry and life in general are constantly being created and introduced into production. The importance of creating innovative territorial structures for the development of the urban environment of the region and its individual parts is noted. Buildings of this purpose are currently experiencing growing demand and have a significant impact on social life.
Key words: analysis, architectural and urban planning organization, science, scientific and technological complex, scientific and technological development, complex, system, technologies.
Mark Khamatshin
Modern Tendencies in the Field of Architectural and Planning Organization of Research Institute Complexes
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article examines current trends in the field of architectural and planning organization of buildings and complexes of research institutes and similar types of institutions conducting scientific and innovative activities. Modern trends and approaches in architectural and urban planning, volumetric-spatial, constructive-technological, landscape-environmental, artistic and figurative solutions have been identified. The Russian and foreign experience in designing research institute complexes is considered, on the basis of which the author has identified a classification of research activities according to functional characteristics that determine the requirements for the place for the implementation of scientific activities. Various methods for arranging the planning structure of research institute building complexes are considered. As the conclusions of the article, the principles of architectural and planning organization of research institute complexes are formulated, allowing the means of organizing space to increase the efficiency of a scientific organization, as well as to create structures that are maximally adapted to perceive frequent changes in the technological process inherent in research activities.
Key words: research institute, trends, architectural and planning structure, energy efficiency, location, innovation.
Natalya Kharkovskaya, Ekaterina Vovk
The Concept of Forming the Architecture of Buildings and Structures of Business Centers
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The presented article is devoted to the concept of forming the architecture of buildings and structures of business centers. The development of business connections, as one of the key factors in communication and dialogue between cultures, requires the creation of an appropriate space, building or public structure. Due to the high dynamics of modern business relationships and the low dynamics of change in standard schemes, a significant discrepancy has arisen between them, in other words, the need for a new type of building arises faster than a specific type of building can be developed. At the present stage, the business center is transforming into a new quality – universal, characteristic of all types of business relations and currently being the most relevant and in demand type of public building. The authors examined the systematization of business centers by class, characterized and determined the most optimal principles of architectural design, on which the concept of forming the architecture of buildings and structures of business centers is based.
Key words: concept, architecture, formation, business center, business space, construction, development, universal space.
Sophia Kvochka
On the Issue of Architectural and Landscape Organization of the Urban Coastal Recreational Zone of the Flood-Proof Reservoir of the Kalinova River in the Makeyevka Urban District
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The work is devoted to the problem of architectural and landscape organization of the urban coastal recreational zone of the Kalinova River flood control reservoir in the Makeyevka urban district. It is based on an analysis of the degree of knowledge of this issue and progressive examples from practice. The relevance of her research is substantiated. Individual examples from international practice are considered in relation to specific conditions in similar territories. On this basis, a proposal has been developed to improve the coastal zone, organize recreation for the population and improve the quality of the environment, strengthen the coastline and prevent flood threats. It has been established that in order to solve the problem under consideration, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the territory, including a review of the literature, a study of local: climatic, urban planning conditions and features of the natural environment.
Key words: coastal recreational area, infrastructure improvement, improvement of public areas, landscaping of the coastal recreational area, strategy to strengthen the coastline and prevent flood threats.
Natalia Kholodova
The Problem of Architectural Formation of Buildings, Structures and Their Complexes with Landscaping Elements in the Conditions of Donbass
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The work is devoted to the problem of architectural formation of buildings, structures and their complexes with elements of landscaping in the conditions of Donbass. It is based on an analysis of the degree of knowledge of this issue and examples of similar objects from international practice. The relevance of her research is substantiated. The results of the analysis of existing research on the subject under study are presented, some progressive examples from international practice in relation to the conditions of Donbass are considered. On this basis, a research program has been developed, including the purpose, objectives, projected results and their scientific and practical significance. It has been established that in order to solve the problem under consideration, it is necessary to expand the established general theoretical concepts, develop new, regionally determined conceptual principles and techniques for the architectural formation of buildings, structures and their complexes with elements of landscaping.
Key words: architecture of buildings, structures and their complexes, elements of urban landscaping, modern methods and means of landscaping, features of architectural formation of buildings, regional specifics, Donbass.
Natalia Kholodova, Maria Snutko
The Scientific Article is Devoted to the Problem of Architectural and Landscape Formation of Social Sports Grounds on the Basis of the Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «DONNACEA»
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The work article is devoted to the problem of architectural and landscape formation of social sports grounds on the basis of the campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «DONNACEA». It is based on an analysis of the degree of knowledge of this issue and progressive examples from international practice. The relevance of her research is substantiated. On the subject under study, some progressive examples from international practice are considered in relation to the specific conditions of the campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «DONNACEA», as part of the study, a project was carried out, for the implementation of which the grand «Student Sports Ground» was received in 2022. On this basis, it is planned to develop a concept for the architectural and planning organization of social and sports grounds for other public areas. It has been established that in order to solve the problem under consideration, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the territory, including a literature review, in order to expand the functionality of sports equipment, develop new conceptual principles and techniques based on the use of the potential of this territory, due to the modern social requirements of the academy staff and residents of adjacent territories.
Key words: architectural and landscape formation, a complex of social sports grounds, a network of sports zones, playground with sports equipment, special sports areas on the territory, in halls, corridors of academic buildings and dormitories.
Anzhelika Sheremetova, Igor Godyna
Features of the use of Land Plots of Solid Waste Processing Facilities
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the use of land plots of solid waste processing facilities. The basic requirements for the placement of such facilities are considered, as well as questions about the problematic reclamation of such lands and their rational use. Landfills of solid household waste (MSW) have a great impact on the ecological condition of the territory. Landfills cause maximum damage to agricultural resources as a result of chemical pollution. The settlements of the Russian Federation faced problems related not only to the processing of solid waste, but also to the need to prevent environmental accidents related to the operation of existing landfills and the reclamation of suspended ones. The article examines in detail the impact of landfills on the pollution of land, atmospheric air, surface and groundwater. To minimize the negative impact of landfills, an improved method of their rational land use is proposed. The basis of this methodology is geodetic work, engineering and cadastral monitoring using modern geodetic instruments, as well as unmanned aircraft systems. As a best practice in solving the problem of solid waste disposal, examples of foreign countries for the construction of waste recycling plants are considered.
Key words: solid household waste, reclamation, land plots, features of use.
Evgeniy Gayvoronskiy, Ivan Khripkov
Modern Architectural and Urban Planning Reintegration of Brick Modern Objects of the Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries in the Cities of Donbass: Problem Statement
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article is devoted to the formulation of the problem of architectural and urban planning reintegration (reconstruction and restoration) of brick modernist objects of the late 19th – early 20th centuries in the cities of Donbass. Attention is drawn to the relevance of the study of this problem, its insufficient scientific study and elaboration in practice, the need to develop a regulatory and methodological framework in this area in the field of cultural heritage protection, as well as the need to generalize and analyze international practice in relation to modern architectural and urban planning reintegration of these objects, as well as identifying and adapting positive trends in this direction to the specific regional conditions of Donbass. Examples from this practice are given, as well as examples of historical brick modern objects of the late 19th – early 20th centuries. on the territory of Donbass, an assessment is made of their historical and cultural potential and the direction of its use in modern conditions. The scientific research program, its purpose, objectives, methodology, expected results, their novelty and scientific and practical significance are formulated.
Key words: architectural and urban reintegration, Donbass, Donetsk People’s Republic, brick Art Nouveau objects of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, cultural heritage objects.