Valery Bratchun, Oleg Konev, Vyacheslav Zhevanov, Ekaterina Razmyslova, Elena Shekunova, Dmitry Korshun
On the Parameters of Technological Modes of Production, Laying and Compaction of Road Asphalt Concrete Mixtures
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. It is shown that one of the obligatory conditions for the formation of the optimal structure of composite materials prepared on organic binders is the optimal values of the parameters of the modes of production, laying and compaction of asphalt-concrete mixtures in the structural layers of roadways. The criterion of optimal temperature of association of asphalt concrete mixture components in the asphalt mixer characterized by the coefficient of variation of homogeneity and content of the key component of the asphalt concrete mixture, as which is taken the content of sand fraction d = 2.5…1.25 mm, as well as energy intensity of asphalt concrete mixture production is proposed. On the example of determination of optimum temperatures of laying and compaction of complex-modified asphalt-polymer concrete mixture, in which oil bitumen BND 60/90 is modified by ethylene glycidylacrylate (2.0 % wt.) in combination with polyphosphoric acid PFK-105 (0.2 % wt.), it is established that the range of compaction temperatures 70…140 °C is optimum.
Key words: coefficient of variation of the key component of road asphalt concrete mixes, optimum values of production, paving and compaction temperatures of road asphalt concrete mixes.
Valery Bratchun, Nikolay Konnov, Aleksandr Stukalov, Valentin Demeshkin, Denis Cherniy,
Nikita Kritsyn, Nikita Arsenov, Roman Malakhov
Effective Bitumen Emulsion Mastics for Waterproofing Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. An analysis of the scientific works of scientists and production workers has shown that repairing the waterproofing of underground and above-ground reinforced concrete structures is very complex, and when restoring it, the costs are 2–3 times higher than the initial ones. From a wide variety of waterproofing materials (anti-filtration, anti-corrosion and sealing) asphalt. polymer and mineral, the most universal for the installation of secondary protective coatings for underground structures and roofs are mastic (hot bitumen-rubber, cold based on liquefied bitumen, bitumen-latex, etc.). Based on the conditions of reduced energy intensity of production and installation of a waterproofing layer, ensuring environmental safety and labor protection, high labor productivity, the industrial nature of the installation of waterproofing layers and ensuring efficiency, preference should be given to bitumen-emulsion mastics. The operating conditions and regulatory requirements for mastic coatings and materials in roofs and underground structures of civil and industrial buildings are given.
Key words: bitumen emulsion pastes and mastics, waterproofing of underground and above-ground concrete and reinforced concrete structures.
Anna Kolesnikova, Mikhail Khorobrykh, Mark Prudnikov, Denis Gulyak, Denis Borodai
Application of Geosynthetic Materials in Road Construction
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. Regulation of the water-thermal regime (WTR) of a road structure may involve the use of various technologies, including the use of geotextiles or geogrids, the use of geothermal heating and special drainage systems. They allow you to increase the throughput capacity of the soil, improve the drainage of excess moisture and maintain an optimal soil temperature, preventing it from freezing. To achieve effective drainage of a road structure, it is recommended to use geosynthetic materials that have drainage and reinforcing properties. Such materials have numerous advantages, such as high strength, good drainage and dimensional stability. They can also reduce stress and strain in the road structure, reducing the likelihood of damage from water migration. Thus, controlling water flow through the use of geosynthetic materials to create a drainage layer is an effective way to prevent problems associated with water migration in a road structure. This allows you to maintain the stability and strength of the road for a long time.
Key words: geosynthetics, water-thermal regime, road pavement, heaving soils, subgrade.
Stanislav Saenko, Denis Gulyak
Increase of Strength of Active Zone of Road Structure by Regulation of Its Water-Heat Regime
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. Modern highways are objects of certain risk, as they can be dangerous and vulnerable in case of insufficient operational measures and catastrophes, which arise under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. Therefore, ensuring a stable water-thermal regime of the road structure is one of the leading tasks of the scientific and technical process in road construction. Stable water-thermal regime is ensured by means of layout and drainage systems, as well as the use of special materials and technologies. One of the methods of moisture and heat transfer control is the use of geotextile, which allows to improve the drainage properties of the structure and prevent freezing of the road surface in winter. It is also important to consider climatic conditions and soil characteristics when designing and constructing a road. For example, in case of high humidity or the presence of groundwater, it is necessary to provide additional drainage systems. To maintain a stable water and heat regime, thermal insulation systems are also used to reduce heat loss and prevent freezing of the road surface. Regular maintenance and repair of pavements is also an important aspect to prevent possible disturbances in water and heat transfer. In general, ensuring a stable water-thermal regime of the road structure requires a comprehensive approach including proper design, construction and maintenance of the road surface.
Key words: highways, road structure improvement, water-thermal regime.
Vitaly Bespalov, Olga Narizhnaya, Oleg Konev, Mikhail Bondar, Vladimir Puzanov,
Nikita Kharchenko, Alexander Zuev, Artem Smirnov
Structure and Properties of a Compounded Organic Binder using Pitch-Like Secondary Bottom Residue from Phenol-Acetone Production
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The regularities of the formation of the structure and properties of a compounded organic binder (COV), as well as the properties of its components, have been studied. The optimal composition and properties of the compounded organic binder have been determined. By fusing a peck-like secondary cubic residue of phenol-acetone production (VKOFAP) and petroleum road bitumen of the III structural rheological type BND 40/60, a compounded organic binder was obtained, this made it possible to use a coagulation frame of bitumen to harden VKOFAP in the region of positive temperatures, to ensure high thermal stability, and thereby the thermal stability of concretes using a compounded organic binder and a sufficiently low thermal sensitivity in the production of concretes with a normative interval of viscoelastic behavior in the pavement coating.
Key words: compounded organic binder, pitch-like secondary bottoms of phenol-acetone production, group composition, fractional composition, surface tension, calorimetric, rheological studies.
Evgeniy Romasyuk, Elina Radyukova, Vasiliy Snyga, Nikolay Mikhailov, Dmitriy Kovtun,
Michail Kholin, Dmitriy Kovalsky
Fatigue Durability Research Crushed Stone-Mastic Asphalt Concrete
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the fatigue life of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete under the action of short-term cyclic loads and compares them with traditional hot asphalt concrete of types «A» and «B». It is characteristic that crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete has a greater number of cycles before failure compared to fine-grained asphalt concrete and has less temperature sensitivity in the temperature range from 20 °C to minus 30 °C. It was established that the complex modification of the structure of crushed stone-mastic asphalt-polymer concrete with a reactive thermoplastic of the Elvaloy-AM brand made it possible to increase the fatigue life under dynamic loading by 1.6 times. It is advisable to install coatings made from mixtures of complex-modified crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete on road sections where there are predominantly static loads from vehicles: public transport stops, interchanges at one level.
Key words: crushed-mastic asphalt concrete, fatigue durability, strength, complex modification.
Alexey Dolbusin, Elena Yegorova, Tatyana Kitsenko, Ekaterina Borodai, Vladislav Ocheretko
The Use of Ash and Slag Waste from Donbass in the Composition of Heavy Concrete
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The results of studies of the mechanical properties of heavy concrete with partial or complete replacement of large and small aggregates with industrial waste from Donbass are presented. As a waste product of the industry, an ash-slag mixture (ZSHS) of the Zuyevskaya TPP was used to replace aggregates. It has been established that the properties of the obtained concretes meet the requirements of regulatory documents, and therefore allow the use of ash-slag mixture as a filler in heavy concretes. Studies have shown that when replacing aggregates in heavy concretes with an ash-slag mixture and using the necessary additives, the strength characteristics of concretes change slightly. Thus, it can be recommended to use the developed concrete compositions containing a solution of multifunctional action «PFM-NLK» in the manufacture of products and structures used in transport construction, as well as for the construction of industrial and civil buildings and structures of increased durability. Individual concrete compositions using ash and slag mixtures are applicable for the construction of structures operating under high temperature conditions. Also, with the use of ZSHS in concrete, the problem of recycling industrial waste – ash and slag dumps is being solved.
Key words: heavy concrete, strength, ash-slag mixture, filler.
Vladislav Shugaev, Igor Surovitsky, Violetta Kolosova, Denis Gulyak
Application of Wet Organic-Mineral Mixtures using Screenings from Crushing Waste Open-Hearth Slag for the Construction of Structural Layers of Flexible Road Pavements
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. Asphalt slag concrete is characterized by high strength at positive temperatures. This is important for the road surface, as it will be stable and resistant to deformation in any climatic conditions. Also, additives ensure a low dependence of strength on temperature, which means that the material retains its properties and does not lose strength when the ambient temperature changes. This is especially important in winter, when temperatures can fluctuate greatly and affect the properties of the road surface. In general, asphalt-slag concrete mixtures of optimal compositions, including chemical additives, ensure the production of asphalt concrete with standard values of deformation-strength characteristics and durability of road pavements. Thanks to these properties, VASHS asphalt concretes of optimal compositions ensure the durability and reliability of road surfaces, improve the comfort and safety of road traffic. They also help reduce road repair and maintenance costs, making them cost-effective.
Key words: wet organic-mineral mixtures, organic binder, structural layers, asphalt-slag concrete.
Oleg Pshenichnykh, Ekaterina Obolenskaya, Alexander Voloshchuk, Danil Lunin,
Alexander Sheludyakov, Alexander Zolotin
Comparative Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Two Types of Asbestos as a Reinforcing Material for Asphalt Concrete Mixture
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. This article is devoted to the comparative analysis of standard asphalt concrete type B and dispersed reinforced asphalt concrete type B with two types of asbestos and their influence on the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete mixture. Reinforcement of asphalt concrete mixtures with the introduction of 1 % fibers showed a positive increase in the physical and mechanical properties of the material. The results of reinforced asphalt concrete type B with 1 % amphibole asbestos fiber, 1 % chrysotile asbestos fiber, and standard asphalt concrete type B were compared. The introduction of asbestos fibers significantly increases the compressive strength of asphalt concrete. The tensile strength of standard asphalt concrete type B at 20 °C was 3.1 MPa, reinforced with 1 % chrysotile-asbestos fibers, the values of the compressive strength at 20 °C were 5.1 MPa, and the value of the compressive strength at 20 °C of the asphalt concrete mixture type B reinforced with amphibious asbestos fiber was 4.7 MPa. The introduction of asbestos in the composition of the asphalt concrete mixture leads to a change in the heat resistance coefficient Kt = R0/R20, which varies from 3.2 to 3.6. This provides additional thermal resistance of the material.
Key words: asphalt concrete mix, asphalt concrete, chrysotile asbestos, amphibole asbestos, dispersed fibers.
Nikita Leonov
Modern Ideas About Cold Asphalt Concrete Mixtures with a Regulated Period of Structure formation
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. This paper presents data characterizing cold asphalt concrete road mixtures with adjustable structure formation periods. Cold asphalt concrete mixes are a promising material in road construction. They have high plasticity and resistance to low-temperature types of deformations, which ensures their reliable operation at subzero temperatures. Due to their properties, cold asphalt concrete mixtures can be used for repair work at any time of the year, in particular in winter, which makes them an effective material for road construction and repair in difficult climatic conditions. To change the properties of the asphalt concrete mixture, as well as to regulate the processes of structure formation, various types of additives are introduced into the composition of cold asphalt concrete mixtures. Sealing additives increase the density and strength of the material. Regulators of the rate of structure formation accelerate or slow down the process of structure formation. Structuring additives ensure that the asphalt concrete mixture takes a certain shape after being laid and compacted into road clothes. Active mineral additives increase its wear resistance, and fibrous additives improve its resistance to cracking.
Key words: cold asphalt concrete mix, modifier, structure, durability, viscosity, density.
Elina Radyukova
Prospects of Application of Secondary Rubber of «UNIREM» Mark for Complex Modification of Asphalt Concrete Structure
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article is devoted to the research of complex modification of road asphalt concretes by secondary rubber «UNIREM» in order to increase their durability in conditions of intensive road traffic and extreme climatic influences. Prospects for the use of modified asphalt concretes include: revision of construction standards to take into account innovative compositions; increased efficiency of resource utilization as a result of waste reduction, economic benefits through reduced costs for regular maintenance work, and the possibility of integrating these materials into modern construction practices. The development of quality standards for complex-modified asphalt concretes using recycled rubber «UNIREM» presents a prospect for their wide implementation in infrastructure projects, thus contributing to the sustainable development of the road-transportation network. The use of this modifier makes it possible to obtain asphalt concrete with standard mechanical and operational characteristics, which helps to increase the service life of road surfaces and reduce maintenance costs.
Key words: petroleum road bitumen, crumb rubber, asphalt concrete, polymer modifier «UNIREM».
Konstantin Guba a, Vyacheslav Zhevanov b, Alexander Yatsenko b
Study of the Plasticity Coefficient of Asphalt Concrete
a Automobile and Highway Institute (branch) of the FSBEI HE «Donetsk National Technical University»,
b FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The destruction of asphalt concrete coatings during operation makes us think about the possibility of bringing the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete in order to increase the service life of road clothes. Asphalt concrete mix consists of mineral materials (gravel or crushed stone, natural or crushed sand, mineral powder) and organic binder (bitumen). The correctly selected composition of the asphalt concrete mixture allows the asphalt concrete in the road surface to provide the specified values of bending strength, shear modulus of elasticity, resistance to water (water resistance), ensure chemical resistance, and ensure the workability of the mixture. Unsatisfactory indicators of the quality of asphalt concrete in the road surface during long-term operation include changes in rheological properties from temperature changes, from plastic to brittle, bitumen aging (changes in physico-chemical bonds, a decrease in the thickness of the bitumen film on mineral particles). Therefore, it is necessary to pay comprehensive attention to the study of the properties of asphalt concrete mixture and asphalt concrete.
Key words: asphalt concrete mixture, asphalt concrete, bitumen, rheological properties, plasticity, elasticity.
Sergey Popov
Production of Mine Support Elements from Dense Fine-Grained Ash and Slag Concrete, Operating Under the Influence of Aggressive Mine Waters in Donbass
«DONETSK PROMSTROYNIIPROEKT» LLC
Abstract. The results of studies on the possibility of using coal and anthracite ash and slag mixtures at thermal power plants in Donbass for the manufacture of mine support elements operating in conditions of aggressive mine waters are presented. The performed studies showed that coal ash and slag mixture from thermal power plants can be used as a filler in the manufacture of reinforced concrete elements of mine support. Based on the research results, it can be recommended to use fine-grained dense concrete based on coal ash and slag mixtures at thermal power plants for repair work. Fine-grained ash and slag concrete based on coal mixtures at thermal power plants, in addition to good corrosion resistance to aggressive mine waters, have sufficient adhesion strength to heavy concrete based on natural aggregates and can be used for the repair and restoration of structures that have been in operation for a long time.
Key words: mine support elements, coal ash and slag mixture of thermal power plant, anthracite ash and slag mixture of thermal power plant.
Igor Shilin a, Arkadii Khimchenko b, Danilo Gulevich a
Increase of Efficiency of Restoration of Technical Condition of Condition of the Highway Network in the Region
a Automobile and Highway Institute (branch) of the FSBEI HE «Donetsk National Technical University»,
b FSBEI HE «Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter I»
Abstract. The basic information about the problems of the road sector in the region. The main damages and causes of their occurrence on the pavements of highways. The peculiarities of research of soil reinforcement technology during construction and repair of public highways, as well as the device of pavements made of rolled cement concrete. rolled cement concrete pavements. The advantages and disadvantages advantages and disadvantages of the considered technologies of repair and rehabilitation works revealed as a result of analyzing laboratory tests. as a result of analyzing laboratory tests. The use of coating technology from rolled cement concrete will allow relatively fast restoration of road surfaces, at least of low technical categories. The use of local materials and mineral binders, the absence of the need for specialized mechanisms, reduces the need for imported high-quality mineral fillers and organic binders, which makes this technology attractive.
Key words: repair-rehabilitation works, soil reinforcement, pavement, pavement, paving, walling soil, road surface, road shoulder, road base, road network. automobile roads.
Nina Nagornaya, Valentina Kibzun
Analysis of the Competitiveness of Building Materials in the Market Donetsk People’s Republic
FSBEI HE «Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky»
Abstract. The article discusses methods for increasing competitiveness in the production of building materials. The most important competitive factors are revealed, and an original methodology for analyzing the competitiveness of an enterprise (firm) is proposed, taking into account the influence on its level of both internal and external factors. From all of the above, the following conclusions can be drawn: – the building materials market is very diverse and complex. Therefore, competitiveness plays a big role. In order to sell its products in the desired quantities, the company needs to outperform its competitors under given conditions. To do this, each enterprise uses its own methods; – the competitiveness of the enterprise in the proposed methodology is considered from new positions as a result of the attractiveness of the industry and the competitive position of the enterprise in it. There are no examples of the implementation of this approach at the practical level, which involves a certain formalization of this procedure, in the economic literature.
Key words: competitiveness, production of building materials, analysis methodology.
Yuriy Kochergin, Victoria Zolotareva
Physico-Mechanical Properties of Epoxy-Rubber Compositions Cured with Cardo Polyarylate
FSBEI HE «Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky»
Abstract. The physico-mechanical properties of mixtures of cardo polyarylate with ED-20 epoxy resin and the products of its preliminary esterification reaction with butadiene acrylonitrile rubber with terminal carboxyl groups of the SKN-30 KTR brand were studied in a wide range of concentrations. Polyester of terephthalic acid and phenolphthalein was used as a cardo polyarylate. The combination of polyarylate with epoxy products was carried out through their joint solution in chloroform, followed by solvent evaporation and drying of the obtained films in vacuum at 3 mmHg at 353 K. The samples were cured at 453 K for 8h. It was found that the introduction of the initial resin ED-20 and the products of its interaction with rubber (PRE) into polyarylate leads to an increase in the strength of the system. At the same time, the magnitude of the effect is higher for composites containing PRE, and it increases with an increase in the content of the rubber component in the PRE. It is shown that the modification of the PRE polyarylate contributes to an increase in the destruction work of the material by about 2 times and an increase in the glass transition temperature by 15 K. The observed effects are associated with the formation of microheterophase structures due to the release of rubber into particles of an independent phase. In this case, the adhesion between the rubber phase and the polyarylate is carried out using the resin part of the product of the preliminary esterification reaction, which, due to thermodynamic affinity, mixes well with polyheteroarylene, forming an interfacial layer. Heating of the compositions at 453 K, which leads to the chemical interaction of the epoxy resin with the polyarylate, further enhances this adhesion.
Key words: polyarylate, epoxy resin, butadiene acrylonitrile carboxylate rubber, tensile strength, deformation at break, fracture work, glass transition temperature, electron microscopy.
Yuriy Kochergin a, Victoria Zolotareva a, Nina Nedolya b
Properties of Composite Materials Based on Epoxy-Diane Resin, Modified
Di[1-(2-Glycidyloxyethoxy) Ethyl] Polyethylene Glycol Ether
a FSBEI HE «Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky», b Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry named after A. E. Favorsky SB RAS
Abstract. The effect of di[1-(2 glycidyloxyethoxy) ethyl] polyethylene glycol ether with different ethylene glycol content on the physico-mechanical and adhesive properties of composite materials based on industrial epoxy resin ED-20 was studied in a wide range of concentrations. It was found that the glass transition temperature monotonically decreases with increasing concentration of modifiers to a greater extent, the higher the ethylene glycol content in them. The tensile strength value increases with the introduction of small amounts of modifiers with a small (1 or 2 units) ethylene glycol content, reaching a maximum at 10 wt. h., after which it begins to decrease monotonously. For compositions containing a larger (7 units) amount of ethylene glycol, the maximum strength concentration dependence does not manifest itself, but there is a monotonous and rather rapid decrease in the strength value with an increase in the concentration of the modifier. In the case of the elastic modulus, the extreme dependence of the parameter on the concentration is observed for all modifiers. The deformation at rupture monotonically increases with increasing concentration of the modifier at a higher rate, the higher the ethylene glycol content in the latter. It is shown that the modified systems exceed the base resin ED-20 by more than 2 times in terms of adhesive shear strength. Based on the observed trend of changing properties, the conclusion is made about the antiplasticizing effect of relatively small additives of di[1-(2 glycidyloxyethoxy) ethyl] polyethylene glycol ether on the polymer matrix formed by the cured resin
ED-20.
Key words: epoxy-diane resin ED-20, modification, di[1-(2 glycidyloxy ethoxy) ethyl] polyethylene glycol ether, glass transition temperature, deformation and strength properties, adhesive properties, antiplasticization.
Svetlana Frolova, Oksana Sobol, Elena Pokintelica, Valentina Loshakova, Olga Zharikova
The Investigation of Melting-Crystallization Processes of Alloys in Se-S System
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The processes of melting and crystallization of samples in the sulfur-selenium system were investigated by cyclic-thermal analysis (CTA). When studying pure sulfur and alloy S + 10,2% Se, it was found that sulfur and alloys rich in sulfur behave like crystalline substances during crystallization, that is, both equilibrium crystallization (EC) and non-equilibrium-explosive (NEC) occur. During crystallization of the NEC type, three types of hypothermia were recorded: physical, visible and fictitious. Graphs of overcooling values dependence on cooling rate and overcooled melt holding time are given. During crystallization, it was also found that selenium and alloys rich in selenium behave like viscous glass-like substances – crystallization occurs very slowly, the thermal effects of which are practically not recorded during cooling. It is possible to fix the amount of crystallized substance only during melting by conducting thermal-time treatment of the overcooled melt. For selenium and alloys rich in selenium, a method is proposed for determining the degree of crystallinity by endothermic melting effects after isothermal exposure of the melt in the overcooling region.
Key words: thermal analysis, sulfur, selenium, alloys, state diagram crystallization, hypothermia, degree of crystallinity.
Victor Levchenko, Evgeniy Dmitrenko, Aleksandr Khramogin, Irina Oleinik
Economic Assessment of the Reliability of Building structures at Various Stages of Construction and Reconstruction of Buildings and Structures
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The economic assessment of the reliability of building structures is a hard and complex task; it must be solved while taking into account the costs aimed at ensuring the required quality indicators in the process of designing, constructing, maintaining and reconstructing buildings and structures. The latter is especially important, since, unlike machines, appliances and other industrial products, construction facilities are usually designed for long service lives. The article provides ways to obtain equally reliable structures during their design, shows how technological support for the reliability of structures is carried out and how reliability is ensured during the operation of structures. The necessary technological prerequisites and practical recommendations are given, on the basis of which important steps can be taken towards reliable improvement of the quality of construction while reducing its cost.
Key words: reliability, deformability, durability, probabilistic evaluation, maintainability, reconstruction.