Nikolai Prishchenko, Tamara Chernysheva, Antonina Truskalova,
Stanislav Besschastnyj, Julia Gimatutdinova
Assessment of Sound Insulation of Typical Window Designs
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»,
Makeyevka, DPR, Russian Federation
Abstract. One of the negative factors that affect human health is noise. The development of technical equipment leads to an increase in the level of acoustic noise. The first place in terms of «contribution» to the noise pollution of cities is occupied by motor vehicles. Architectural and constructive measures are recognized as the most effective methods of protecting places of work, everyday life and recreation: screening structures, special types of buildings and noise-proof windows. It should be noted that screening structures create noise comfort on the territory of development and on the facades of low-rise buildings. Therefore, the use of noise-proof windows for rooms located above the third floor is very relevant. The article presents the results of numerical studies of sound insulation of typical designs of windows with double-glazed windows in the conditions of the city of Donetsk, taking into account the reduced heat transfer resistance of windows. The design solutions of windows providing their normative sound insulation without increasing the material consumption are determined.
Key words: noise protection, traffic noise, window sound insulation, acoustic calculation.
Maxim Voronenko, Nikolai Zaichenko, Nina Miklashevich
Self-Compacting Concrete in Winter Conditions
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»,
Makeyevka, DPR, Russian Federation
Abstract. The article presents scientific developments of scientists on application of self-compacting concrete mixtures for construction of buildings and structures under conditions of low and negative ambient temperatures. The analysis of existing methods of construction of monolithic buildings and structures in the cold season, on the basis of which effective compositions of self-compacting concrete mixtures are developed, is carried out. The most optimal method of obtaining high technological properties of concrete mixtures and physical-mechanical properties of concrete in winter concreting has been determined. Particularly, advantages of using of antifreeze additives allow to apply them most effectively at large volumes of monolithic construction in conditions of subzero temperatures providing necessary properties of concrete mixture and increasing durability of constructions at minimum expenses. The most popular types of antifreeze additives are given.
Key words: self-compacting concrete mix, monolith, winter period, formulation, performance properties, antifreeze additives.
Artem Balashov, Oleg Frolov, Tatyana Kosheleva, Igor Danilevsky, Denis Lozak
Unique Domestic Geotechnology for the Manufacture of Bored-Injection Piles Using Electro-Discharge Technologies and Electro-Chemical Explosion
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»,
Makeyevka, DPR, Russian Federation
Abstract. Ensuring the safety of buildings and structures in complex engineering and geological conditions is relevant and depends, first of all, on the reliability of the bases and foundations. When strengthening foundation foundations, drilled-injection piles (DIP) are increasingly used, which fix the foundation without dynamic effects. A new direction for increasing their bearing capacity was the use of electro-discharge technologies in their manufacture. In order to expand the area of use of these piles when strengthening the foundations of buildings, a number of issues have been investigated. Obtained results: the possibility and conditions for the use of piles «ERGT», «EKhV», «RIT», «TITAN» when strengthening the foundations of buildings are substantiated, technological parameters are selected, materials are developed and studied, a set of domestic equipment is selected. Calculation and analysis of the stress-strain state of the «base-foundation-above-ground structure» system was carried out using the SP LIRA SAPR, calculation and design of the reinforcement of the base of a multi-storey civil building were made, recommendations for the work were developed.
Key words: reinforcement, foundation, bored piles, experimental studies, materials, «base-foundation-above-ground structure» system, design, labor protection, economic efficiency.
Lilia Panteleenko, Maria Suvorova
Technology of Construction 3D Printing of Resource-Efficient Shaping of the Internal Topology of the Printed Structure
FSBEI HE «Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G. Shukhov»,
Belgorod, Russian Federation
Abstract. The paper identifies the main existing problems of construction additive technologies and suggests a possible solution to some of these problems. The results of a critical analysis of practical and promising topological solutions of the internal volume of a printed building structure are presented. The concept of 3D construction printing technology is proposed, which will simplify and automate the process of preparing for printing, which consists in creating a 3D model, selecting the internal structure formation of the structure, calculating loads, dividing the model into layers and translating it into G-code format. The main objectives of the study, the development plan are set, and the results of current studies of structural shaping of building printed structures are shown, which allow us to come to the most rational decision when choosing an internal topological lattice. The conclusion is made about the expediency of further development in the chosen direction.
Key words: additive technologists, construction printing, 3D printing, construction printer, resource-efficient topology, topological grid, printing of building structures.
Elena Kalmikova, Olga Lapina
Compliance with the Rules of Brickwork Cutting in the Construction of Ancient and Modern Buildings
State Budgetary Professional Educational Institution «Makeevka Polyteсhnical College», Makeyevka, DPR, Russian Federation
Abstract. The article specifies the rules of bricklaying, noted in the old tutorial, presents historical facts on the manufacture of bricks and stone joints since the XVIII century. A comparison of the rules of laying in the old days with the rules of brick cutting at the present time is given. Technological features are noted in the performance of masonry in ancient structures and in the production of brickwork in modern conditions. The connections made of stone in the old days are presented, which made it possible to provide greater strength and durability of masonry. In ancient and modern literature, to ensure the durability of buildings, stone materials in masonry were and are located according to the rules of cutting. The system of dressings provided and provides a certain order of laying bricks relative to each other, which was observed in ancient times and is being observed at the present time.
Key words: masonry, pyrons, brackets, anchors, plastic mortar, cutting rules, distributed load, chipping stresses.
Elena Kalmikova, Pavel Trush
Historical Experience of Application Wooden Structures in Construction
State Budgetary Professional Educational Institution «Makeevka Polyteсhnical College», Makeyevka, DPR, Russian Federation
Abstract. The article presents the historical experience of using wood and structures according to the materials of ancient books of the XIX, XX and XXI centuries. The description of historical facts is given from the special guide for joiners and carpenters of 1871 on the choice of material, its application in the construction of residential buildings in the past centuries. The main physical and technical properties of wood are noted, thanks to which a wide application of wood in construction has been found. The article talks about the facts that took place in the old days when performing the construction of chopped buildings and structures made of wood. Special processing of structural elements of the building was carried out, which ensured compliance with fire protection requirements and the durability of buildings. The information about wooden elements of structures with the indication of recommendations of the construction memorial book of the last century is presented.
Key words: wooden structures, wooden houses, construction, carpenter’s tool, new technologies.
Ksenia Korshikova, Andrey Naumov
The Study of Individual Algorithms of Energy-Efficient Shaping in the Rationalization of the Topology of Building Printed Structures
FSBEI HE «Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G. Shukhov,
Belgorod, Russian Federation
Abstract. Humanity is currently experiencing a new stage in its development with the emergence of a global digital society. The application of digital technologies in practice allows solving a wide range of tasks. Information modelling technologies are used to provide a unified environment for collaborative work in the construction industry. At the same time, the relevance of additive technology is growing, driven by new approaches to design and construction. The use of construction printing makes it possible to produce less material-intensive products by balancing material and voids. In addition, the selected optimum internal topology influences the physical and mechanical characteristics of the structure itself. At the moment, there is a low level of practical application of technologies that can significantly reduce energy resources in the country. In this regard, the aim of the work is to analyse the influence of the internal structure of a product with optimum material distribution on energy efficiency. The regression dependencies of resource intensity on shaping as well as the dependencies of the stresses occurring in the structure are given.
Key words: building printed structures, rational internal topology, information modeling of buildings and structures, energy-efficient design, additive technologies.
Vitalii Rozhkov, Maria Dortseva, Pavel Deminov
The Main Principles and Regularities of Tertiary Settling in Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»,
Makeyevka, DPR, Russian Federation
Abstract. The article discusses the main aspects of the tertiary purification of the line from suspended solids by the methods of sedimentation. The main factors influencing the effectiveness of tertiary sedimentation have been established. The analysis of the possibilities of this method for the removal of various types of contaminants, depending on the used reagent, is carried out. Based on the analysis of the literature, it was found that during tertiary sedimentation, not only suspended undissolved impurities can be removed, but also some dissolved contaminants and pathogens. To remove pathogens, it is necessary to introduce lime before mastering. An analysis of the structures used for tertiary sedimentation of structures indicates the possibility of using classical vertical and radial settling tanks for this purpose. Tertiary sedimentation can be a fairly effective alternative to post-treatment by filtration methods.
Key words: tertiary sedimentation, biological treatment, wastewater, pollutants, environment, treatment efficiency.
Alexandra Kucherenko, Andrey Naumov
Parametric Information Modeling as an Effective Tool for Designing Fully Assembled Modular Buildings
FSBEI HE «Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G. Shukhov»,
Belgorod, Russian Federation
Abstract. Information modeling in construction has significantly reduced the time and cost of designing facilities, improved the quality of project documentation, reducing possible collisions. For a more thorough study of certain sections of the project documentation, it is necessary to create simple library elements that will speed up the process of the designer’s work, reducing the time of performing the same type of operations. The next stage of design automation can be called the creation of parametric models – algorithms, the result of which is a spatial model equipped with possible characteristics and properties of the object of various elements. This article will present the development and use of a parametric library object in the information modeling of modules of fully assembled housing construction. Using the example of the ArchiCAD25 program, using the GDL programming language embedded in this software and open for writing algorithms, a smart module object will be created, the advantages of using this object are described, examples of scripts are given, efficiency is evaluated, and prospects for further development are made.
Key words: building information modeling, parametric modeling, building design, building structures.
Irina Selskaya, Valeria Buryak, Evgeniya Grigorieva
An Ideal City Power Supply System
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»,
Makeyevka, DPR, Russian Federation
Abstract. The durability and operational efficiency of electrical equipment are largely determined by the operating parameters of the network. Alternating current is characterized by continuous fluctuations, and the quality of electricity depends on the stability of their amplitude. The main parameters of the electrical network are determined based on the regulations of regulatory documentation and must be observed through the use of high-tech generating or transforming devices. Indicators of the quality of electrical energy characterize the general condition of the household or industrial network, and are also displayed in the form of minimum permissible boundary values for the uninterrupted operation of particular equipment. The requirements for a rational city power supply system served as the basis for the development of an ideal city power supply system. In relation to large and medium-sized cities, a power supply system based on the use of only two voltages: 110 and 10 kV is considered. The 110 kV network is executed in the form of a ring around the city.
Key words: city power supply, quality of electric energy, city substations, energy, voltage.
Yulia Golovach, Oksana Mikhayskaya, Danil Rybak
The Use of Expander Generators when Reducing Gas at the Gas-Distributing Stations
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»,
Makeyevka, DPR, Russian Federation
Abstract. To date, the production of electric energy using resource-saving technologies is becoming increasingly relevant. One of the ways to save energy resources is the possibility of using the potential energy of overpressure of natural gas in expander-generator sets (EGS) when it is reduced at gas distribution stations (GDS) and gas control points (GCP). EGS allow you to generate electricity, which is generated by a generator installed behind the expander, and in some cases heat and cold. The article discusses promising areas and the main advantages of using EGS. The technological scheme of the expander-generator unit of the block-complete UTDU-4000 design is given, the main elements and the principle of its operation are described. Attention is paid to the issue of environmental and economic benefits from the introduction of expander generators. The use of EGS in gas supply systems makes it possible to reduce energy costs for own needs and improve environmental performance.
Key words: gas supply, reduction, natural gas, expander generator.
Еlena Suhinina, Аleksandr Serdyuk
Human Environmental Safety in Case of Environmental Pollution by Uranium Compounds
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»,
Makeyevka, DPR, Russian Federation
Abstract. It is shown that when using depleted uranium-238 ammunition, chemical and radioactive contamination of the soil, vegetation growing on it and people occurs with uranium trioxide with a physical half-life of 4.5 billion years and a half-life of 15 days from the human body. This is a chemically toxic substance for humans with a MAC in the air equal to 0.075 mg/m3, which, when inhaled, can cause shortness of breath, cough, acute arterial lesions and impaired kidney function. Since uranium-238 is an alpha emitter, it is most dangerous when ingested into the human body. It is more actively absorbed by the vegetative mass of plants in comparison with the reproductive organs. At the same time, the degree of transition of U-238 to the economically valuable part of the crop ranges from 7 to 20 %.
Key words: environmental hazard, depleted uranium, uranium trioxide, chemical poisoning, radioactivity, pollution of plants and soil.
Vasiliy Zhevanov, Valery Bratchun, Violetta Postoenko
Increasing the Fatigue Life of Asphalt Concrete by Complex Modification of Their Structure
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»,
Makeyevka, DPR, Russian Federation
Abstract. It has been experimentally proved that the complex modification of the structure of asphalt concrete, namely: surface activation of mineral components and bitumen of asphalt concrete with ethylene glycidylacrylate of the Elvaloy-AM brand allowed to increase the fatigue life of modified asphalt concrete (65,100 cycles compared with 22,000 cycles of traditional asphalt concrete (DSTU B V.2.7-119:2011) at a bending short-term stress of 0.4 MPa. It is shown that the fatigue dependences of modified asphalt concrete, constructed in logarithmic coordinates, have a more gentle slope angle, which indicates a lesser effect of repeated dynamic loads on the magnitude of residual deformations, compared with traditional and crushed-mastic asphalt concrete (CMAC). It is established that in order to ensure maximum fatigue durability in asphalt concrete of types A and B, the bitumen content should be 0.5 % higher in comparison with the optimal content of organic binder calculated by the Soyuzdornia method (N. N. Ivanov and V. V. Okhotina).
Key words: bitumen, asphalt concrete, modifier, mechanical activation, strength, fatigue durability.
Niсkolay Sholukh, Alina Vovk
Features of Placement of Small Business Objects on the Territory of the City: Functional – Spatial and Land Management Aspects
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»,
Makeyevka, DPR, Russian Federation
Abstract. The article discusses the features and problems of the placement of small business facilities in the city. The authors analyzed the factors influencing the choice of a place to open a business, such as the availability of transport infrastructure, the level of competition, the presence of a target audience, etc. At the same time, the article examines the economic efficiency and social significance of the placement of small business objects on land plots. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of placing a business in various areas of the city, such as the central part, residential areas, etc., are discussed. In conclusion, the authors conclude that when placing small business objects on the territory of the city, it is necessary to carefully observe the rules and requirements prescribed in the current legislation, as well as take into account the specifics of the selected locations of such objects in order to avoid subsequent violations and fines.
Key words: small business objects, real estate, urban planning conditions of placement and functioning, influencing conditions and factors, convenience and availability of service, requirements of current legislation.
Sergey Gorozhankin, Viacheslav Stepakin
Schematic Diagrams of the Construction of Compound Internal Combustion Engines
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»,
Makeyevka, DPR, Russian Federation
Abstract. The paper analyzes the existing methods for improving the fuel efficiency of reciprocating internal combustion engines, improving their operating cycle by using the energy of combustion products. Turbo-compound schemes of engines, turboelectric generators operating on exhaust gases and transmitting energy to traction motors, as well as additional engines using the heat of these gases are considered. The possibility of improving the working cycle of combined internal combustion engines with the use of an expansion machine of a rotary-lamellar type is proposed. A possible scheme of an engine with an expansion machine designed to improve the fuel efficiency of a gasoline engine of a M1 category vehicle is presented. The advantages of the proposed method of waste gas energy recovery are shown. The results of calculations and graphs demonstrating the increase in the efficiency of the power plant of the car, the scheme of joint operation of the compound expansion machine and the base engine are presented.
Key words: combined cycle, compound, exhaust gases, heat, utilization.
Nickolay Sholukh, Nika Rubtsova
Grabovo Tract as a Nature Protection Object of National Importance in the Structure of the Forest Fund of the Donetsk Region: Land Management and Regulatory Aspects
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»,
Makeyevka, DPR, Russian Federation
Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of identification, conservation and careful use of forest resources in the territories of unique nature conservation areas of the Donetsk region. From the land management, regulatory and legislative points of view, the authors consider some important issues of accounting, conservation and restoration of forest plantations of the Grabovo Tract, which is one of the most significant environmental objects of national importance in the territory of this region. Based on the research carried out, it is concluded that in order to solve the problem under consideration, it will be necessary to completely abandon the established practice of a utilitarian-consumer approach to the use of forest resources, and some revision of some current regulations and instructions regarding the protection of unique natural objects will also be required.
Key words: valuable tree species, nature conservation areas, Grabovo tract, forest fund, Donetsk region, land management and regulatory issues, restoration and enhancement of valuable forest resources, social and environmental effect.
Nikita Moiseev, Dmitry Popov
Selection of the Layout Diagram of the Electric Vehicle
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»,
Makeyevka, DPR, Russian Federation
Abstract. The choice of a rational layout scheme of the vehicle transmission requires a detailed analysis of the possible options for its components, taking into account the impact on the operational properties of the vehicle. The paper develops a method for calculating and selecting rational parameters of an electric vehicle transmission, characterized by modeling traffic in the urban cycle, taking into account the characteristics of the electric motor and the battery discharge process. The European driving Cycle NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) is selected as the initial driving cycle. When choosing rational parameters, the power reserve of an electric vehicle is used as an optimization criterion. In order to increase the power reserve, the layout schemes of the car with stepped and continuously variable transmissions were considered. In the conditions of the driving cycle, the mechanical transmission provides a greater increase in the power reserve of the electric vehicle.
Key words: electric car, transmission, energy, power reserve, layout diagram.