Aubekir Naimanov, Galina Turchina
Rational Sections Length of Loop Water Supples Nets From the Viewpoint of Reliability
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. Pipeline properties deteriorate over time, and their ability to resist external influences also decreases. Nevertheless, when developing designs for new networks or reconstructing existing ones in operation, it is necessary to evaluates the capabilities of the system elements and provide for the most rational solutions in the project that meet reliability parameters for the long-term service life of the network. One such characteristic is the length of the pipeline section in the distribution water supply system. Reducing the length of the side of the loop in the network, although it will have a positive effect on improving reliability, will increase the cost of the system due to the increase in the number of loops themselves. Increasing the length of the section, on the contrary, will reduce its reliability. This article considers the possible lengths of individual pipelines in loops, taking into account the current legislative norms and rules, as well as practical assessment of the results of the research of emergences on the water supply network.
Key words: water supply nets, reliability, diameters and lengths of pipelines, probability of no failure, availability factor.
Alyona Tryakina, Marina Gutarova, Yuliya Gosteva
Determination of Prospective Volume of Accumulation of Solid Municipal Waste in the City of Makeyevka
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The problem of accumulation and disposal of municipal solid waste is currently one of the most pressing problems in Russia and the world. Waste has a negative impact on the environmental situation and public health. In order to develop a sanitary cleaning scheme for the city of Makeyevka, a calculation of the future volumes of MSW accumulation was carried out, taking into account the recommendations of the Academy of Public Utilities named after. K. D. Pamfilova. As a result of the analysis of the actual volumes of MSW that are transported to the city landfill, it was revealed that the actual volumes of waste accumulation exceed the prospective values calculated using the method of the
APU K. D. Pamfilova. Accordingly, there is a need to select a methodology with which it will be possible to obtain predicted volumes of MSW accumulation that are close to actual ones. For preliminary calculations, it was decided to use two types of functions that describe the growth of accumulation volumes: linear and exponential. As a result of the work, it was revealed that the exponential function in this case will be the most accurate approximation describing the given indicator. A dependence was obtained for calculating the prospective values of MSW accumulation volumes for the city of Makeyevka.
Key words: municipal solidwaste, MSW landfills, volume of MSW accumulation.
Vladimir Mityakin, Vitaly Radionenko
On the Experience of Using a Biogas Plant for Processing Agricultural Waste Annotation
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. In the work, the influence of biological fertilizers obtained in the process of anaerobic fermentation on crop yields was studied. During the operation of the experimental biogas plant, biological fertilizers were obtained, on the basis of which laboratory analyses were performed. The results of the experiment showed that the majority of the first sprouts appeared in the control tanks after 2–3 days. The number of germinated seeds in the control averaged 65,5 %, in the amount of 8 to 18 pieces, in containers with introduced «Liquid organic matter», the number of germinated seeds was only 36,6 %, in the amount of 6 to 11 pieces of germinated seeds, in containers with introduced liquid biofertilizer, the number of germinated seeds averaged 87,8 %, in the amount of from 11 to 18 pieces. The density of sprouts in experimental tanks with introduced liquid biofertilizer is significantly higher (on average 2,499) than in tanks with introduced «Liquid organic matter» (on average 0,579) and control (on average 1,300).
Key words: agricultural waste, processing, biogas plant, biological fertilizers.
Arina Tsvetova, Vitaly Radionenko, Sergey Gulko
On the Issue of Rational use of Underground Spaces of Liquidated Mining Enterprises
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article considers the use of the underground space of closed mines for various purposes, such as waste storage, the creation of geothermal power plants, as well as as a potential place for the construction of new cities and infrastructure. Successful examples of foreign countries such as Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands and Poland are considered. The reuse of abandoned mines is an important aspect of cleaner production practices, as it can fully exploit the potential and viability of unused resources, save social costs, provide a powerful endogenous driving force for the transformation of resource-intensive cities, provide employment opportunities for the unemployed and, finally, implement an environmentally friendly transformation of the mining industry. Scientific decisions on ways of reuse are a necessary condition and a crucial issue for the effective study of unused resources of closed mines.
Key words: coal mines, resource, secondary use, mining industry, waste.
Tatiana Bashevaya a, Natalia Belous b
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Problem that is Devoted to the Accumulation of Solid Municipal Waste
a FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture», b The State Committee for Environmental Policy and Natural Resources under the Head of the Donetsk People’s Republic
Abstract. The article studied one of the aspects of an important environmental problem of solid municipal waste accumulation. The paper identifies the origins of the waste problem, and also shows the reasons for the sharp increase in the relevance of this environmental problem in recent years. The difference between the values of waste generation and accumulation of MSW is shown here, and the main ways that will help reduce the amount of waste are formulated. The aspects of the MSW problem are studied: social and environmental. The situation of handling MSW in the DPR is analyzed the annual increase in the amount of municipal waste is 625 thousand tons/year. The existing waste collection system does not meet modern requirements, due to the low level of mechanization of municipal facilities; as well as due to significant physical and moral depreciation of fixed assets, and there is also an insufficient number of specialized vehicles. The condition and conditions of functioning of specially designated places and waste disposal facilities have been studied. The factors that form the problem of accumulation of solid municipal waste in the Donetsk region are identified.
Key words: solid municipal waste, waste accumulation, landfill, environmental protection, waste management, sorting.
Yaroslav Beletsky, Alexander Serdyuk
Rational Methods for Recycling Plastic Waste
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The work discusses popular methods of processing plastics; plastic waste is difficult to recycle solid municipal waste, since for high-quality recycling it is necessary to clean it and process only clean plastic. According to RBC, the total amount of plastic waste in municipal solid waste landfills is more than 55 %, this is primarily various packaging from general goods, plastic bottles, and various plastic cases. Popular methods of dealing with plastic waste are pyrolysis (incineration of waste) and plastic granulation. Pyrolysis requires additional purification of the gas-air mixture after burning plastics. The plastic waste granulation method is a more expensive and environmentally beneficial method, since the resulting plastic granules can be used in the production of other plastic products and things.
Key words: plastic, plastics, processing, recycling, plastic waste.
Vitaliy Rozhkov, Pavel Bereza, Oleksandr Vashchuk
Influence of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors on the Composition of Urban Wastewater
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article discusses the shortcomings of the existing approach to forecasting and calculating the concentrations of pollutants coming from settlements to biological wastewater treatment facilities. Based on the analysis carried out, theoretical and experimental mechanisms are proposed for taking into account all possible factors that affect the composition of wastewater entering the sewage treatment plant. To account for the inflow of surface wastewater into the sewerage system, it is proposed to use dependencies of a known type with the refinement of coefficients depending on local conditions. It has been established that the use of household shredders has a significant impact on the composition of wastewater supplied for biological treatment, which provides additional opportunities for balancing the qualitative composition of the wastewater. For long-term and effective control of industrial wastewater inflow into urban sewerage systems, an operational method for measuring the redox potential of the environment at the points (posts) of industrial effluent discharge is proposed.
Key words: wastewater, surface water, industrial wastewater, domestic shredders, redox potential.
Vyacheslav Markin
Features of the Reconstruction of Sewage Treatment Plants of Small Settlements with Biological Ponds
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. A large number of sewage treatment plants in small settlements have a long service life and outdated technologies. To ensure the standard degree of wastewater treatment, reconstruction of such treatment plants using modern technologies is required, which is often also associated with a significant increase in operating costs. In particular, the removal of phosphorus from wastewater of small settlements is carried out mainly through expensive chemical dephosphatization. However, at wastewater treatment plants that include biological ponds, with the special cultivation of higher aquatic plants in them for most of the year, it is possible to replace reagent treatment with biological post-treatment, which, in addition, will allow production of valuable feed plant material. In this paper, this possibility is considered, using the example of a sewage treatment plant in an urban-type settlement Golmovsky.
Key words: wastewater, post-treatment, biological ponds, higher aquatic plants, nitrogen, phosphorus.
Aleksandr Pavluchenko a, Nadezhda Grigorenko b
A Systematic Approach to the Development of Control Logic for a Fire Extinguishing Pumping Station
a JSC «NIPIgazpererabotka», b FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. In the conditions of modern realities of the work of design engineers and water supply and drainage technologists, special attention should be paid to the issues of automation of the operation of the designed facilities, including fire pump stations of industrial enterprises. The main document that reflects the task for the instrumentation engineers for the installation of sensors, organization of system operation and commissioning is «control logic». The design data of logic are described very superficially and do not give an idea of its main stages and order of compilation. This article presents the universal control logic of the fire pump station at industrial enterprises, which reflects the main stages of its operation in the event of a fire. This template can be used by designers and technologists as a basis with individual additions or exceptions depending on the design conditions.
Key words: firefighting, fire pumps, automation, control logic, tag, tagging.
Alexander Lukyanov, Danil Rybak
Environmental Issues of the use of Low-Power Heat Generators for Autonomous Heat Supply Systems
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The municipal heat and power sector is one of the most complex and environmentally impact ful areas of engineering, with significant social and economic effects on housing and communal services. To determine the economic and environmental efficiency of low-power heat generators in delivering heat to consumers, studies were conducted on the implementation of autonomous heating systems in the Cheremushki district of Amvrosievka, DPR. The use of low-power heat generators for autonomous heating systems was examined from the perspective of both consumer and environmental safety. The data from these studies indicate the need for a comprehensive approach (economic, environmental, and technological) when selecting options for heating sources for individual consumers’ heating systems.
Key words: environmental monitoring, toxic emissions, autonomous heat sources, fuel combustion, gas-tube heat generators, harmful emissions, modular boiler houses.
Svetlana Antonenko, Vladislav Dorokhin
International Experience in the Disposal and Recycling of Solar Panels
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The efficient use of solar energy is gradually becoming a subject of research. According to forecasts, by 2050, about 60…78 million tons of old solar panels will accumulate on Earth, if their proper disposal does not begin now. Scientists and engineers solve this problem, develop appropriate technologies, and approve standards. Most countries around the world classify solar panels as general or industrial waste, and countries are developing voluntary and regulatory approaches to specifically manage solar waste. Currently, crude processing is common, extracting only glass and aluminum. Fine processing involves the extraction of almost all components from photocells and their processing. Commercial recycling companies have emerged in Western markets to recycle solar panels. Recycling solar panels reduces your carbon footprint, reduces production costs by reusing materials, and keeps millions of tons of potential waste out of landfills.
Key words: solar panels, recycling, disposal.
Daria Savich, Zlata Udovichenko, Nelly Kolosova
Processes of Heating Water in the Backfill Layer of Granular-Type Devices
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. Processes of heating water in the backfill layer of granular-type devices Annotation. In modern conditions of limited energy resources, high energy costs, and the negative impact of industrial emissions on the environment, the issue of applying energy and environmentally-saving technologies in the building materials industry is relevant. In this regard, one of the ways to increase the efficiency and environmental friendliness of energy technology installations is to improve the designs of existing devices and create effective complex installations that combine the processes of cleaning and recycling the heat of waste gases. The authors of the article describe the processes of heat transfer in the granular layer. A model has been developed for the processes of heat transfer from the hot circuit through the granular layer to the water of the cold circuit through the walls of the tubes. The temperature change in a layer of granular material with heat exchange tubes located in it is schematically shown. The main conclusions from the study of heat transfer processes in a granular-type apparatus are given.
Key words: complex installation, heat transfer processes, granular layer, hot and cold circuit.
Anatoliy Oleksiuk, Nikolai Dolgov, Alexey Polkovnikov
Analysing the Thermal Potential of Solar Radiation for use in Heat Supply Systems on the Territory of Donbas
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The problem of rational use of fuel and energy resources is one of the most acute in the energy sector. Increasing year by year production and consumption of thermal energy require more and more hydrocarbon fuel. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of alternative energy sources, in particular, solar energy to reduce the consumption of thermal energy obtained by burning fossil fuels. This article analyses the thermal potential of solar radiation as a source of thermal energy for solar thermal plants in the territory of Donbass. The factors influencing the heat input of solar collectors are considered, in particular, local climatological peculiarities, time of day and time of year, angle of inclination and orientation of the absorbing surface.
Key words: alternative energy sources, solar energy, solar radiation, hot water supply, district heating.
Tamara Chernysheva, Bogdan Novikov, Oleg Bodachevskiy
Methods for Studying the Natural Light Environment in the Premises of a Preschool Institution
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. This article is devoted to the formation of a natural light environment in the premises of a kindergarten building – playrooms on the first and second floors. Based on the architectural and structural solutions of the building, the lighting system is selected. All this makes the calculation of natural lighting, taking into account the duration of continuous insolation in the premises of a kindergarten building, one of the fundamental aspects of design. The article provides calculations of the coefficients of natural illumination and the duration of continuous insolation for playrooms when planning the internal space of a kindergarten building. The assessment of natural lighting in the premises was carried out using a graphic-analytical method in accordance with the requirements of sanitary, hygienic and building standards. Regulatory requirements for natural lighting in the premises of preschool institutions are also given. The insolation conditions of the room through window openings were assessed using the insolation ruler method. The obtained calculated values of the coefficients of natural illumination and the duration of continuous insolation for playrooms satisfy the requirements of regulatory documents.
Key words: light environment, natural lighting, insolation, natural light coefficient, insolation line.
Helen Samojlova, Tatiana Lysikova
Improving the Technology of Cleaning Gas Emissions from the Production of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. Plants for the production of asphalt concrete mixtures intended for the construction, repair and reconstruction of highways are active sources of environmental impact. At the same time, the main contribution to atmospheric air pollution is made by emissions of inorganic dust with particle size up to 20 microns. To improve the environmental safety of the asphalt concrete plant, it is necessary to improve the technological processes accompanied by dust, to provide a system of treatment plants that trap cement dust and sand, which will minimize the level of dust in atmospheric air and create favorable conditions for living in relative proximity to the asphalt concrete enterprise. This article is devoted to a set of technological solutions for efficient operation of dust collection systems, at which the established standards for dust emissions and environmental pollution do not exceed. Described are solutions aimed at increasing efficiency of dust collection systems with vortex inertia devices on opposite twisted flows.
Key words: dust collection systems, environmental safety, asphalt mixer, vortex inertial centrifugal dust collectors.
Sergey Gulko a, Nadiya Nasonkina b, Dmitry Sokolov b, Svetlana Antonenko b,
Viacheslav Zaburdaev b
Analysis of the Possibility of using Ash and Slag Waste from DPR Thermal Power Plants in Construction
a Dongiproschacht, b FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The analysis of the world experience in the disposal of ash and slag and construction waste is presented. Using the example of the Starobeshevskaya thermal power plant, the conditions for the formation of ash and slag waste, their mineral composition, qualitative and quantitative indicators and their impact on the environment are studied. It is shown that ash dumps occupy large territories, and their maintenance requires significant operating costs. A technological scheme for the extraction of microspheres and related components from fly ash has been developed, taking into account the provision of a closed circulating water supply system. The concept is substantiated and a multi-criteria model of joint processing of ash and slag and construction waste is proposed. The evaluation of the processing of microspheres and construction waste into secondary resources, with their subsequent use for building materials and pavement, was carried out. It is noted that the joint use of construction waste and waste management represents a combination of commercial and technical indicators – availability of resources, low cost, high strength and chemical resistance.
Key words: microsphere, ash, waste, dumps, slag, ash-slag mixture.
Alexandra Sheikh, Natalia Lisnyak
Analysis of the Existing Situation in the Field of MSW Management in the Territory of the Donetsk People’s Republic
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The paper considers the problem of handling solid household waste and analyzes the possibility of introducing a technology for processing solid household waste with the preliminary removal of waste components, which can significantly reduce the potential anthropogenic impact on the environment. The current situation in the field of waste management on the territory of Donetsk is shown and it is indicated that in 2020 834,797 tons of waste of hazard class IV were formed, almost all of them are stored at landfills. The data on the morphological composition of MSW, which show a pronounced tendency to seasonal changes, are presented. The characteristic of the existing three polygons is given. The issue of sorting and processing of municipal solid waste, which is relevant for the Donetsk People’s Republic and can be implemented both at existing landfills of municipal solid waste and at planned construction sites, is considered.
Key words: municipal solid waste, morphological composition, sorting, recycling, landfills.
Ekaterina Golovatenko
Assessment of the State of Water Resources in the Donetsk Region
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. In conditions of highly developed industry and a large number of people in the Donbass, a large amount of water is used daily. The water resources of the region are actively used by the water management complex, which is characterized by a high population density and a high level of industrial development, represented by water-intensive and environmentally hazardous industries, which, against the background of low water supply with local runoff, requires balanced management decisions to create conditions for permanent water supply to industrial enterprises. The use of significant amounts of water resources for production needs, pollution of surface and underground sources by industrial and agricultural effluents and industrial waste cause great harm to water bodies, lead to depletion of water sources and loss of the ability to self-clean. The discharge of a large amount of untreated wastewater, as well as the long-term accumulation of pollutants in the bottom sediments led to the fact that most of the water bodies of the region belong to the category of dirty and very dirty.
Key words: water resources, wastewater disposal, pollutants, purification methods.