HafizulLa Benai, Elvira Pestryakova
Principles of Formation of Urban Housing Architecture Taking into Account Regional Conditions
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This scientific article examines the main historical aspects of the formation of urban development in Donbas. The most important compositional aspects of the urban environment are revealed, taking into account the national and cultural traditions of the region. The main types of housing that prevail in the regions of Donbas are considered. The main regional features of the territory and their influence on the formation of the architecture of residential buildings are revealed. The authors of the article analyzed the influence of specific territorial features and lifestyle of the population on the formation of the architecture of the dwelling. The economic potential and its influence on the formation of the architecture of urban housing are also considered. The most optimal principles and approaches in the field of architectural organization of residential buildings at the present stage of development of architectural science are proposed, which are set out in the article and are aimed at one goal – creating comfortable living conditions for the population of Donbass.
Key words: region, city, housing, urban environment, disturbed areas, residential area, industrial region.
Hafizulla Benai, Irina Kubarenko
Organization of the Aesthetic Space of the Urban Environment on the Example of Donetsk
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article discusses the problems of creating a harmonious urban environment and its architectural appearance. Urban planning and architectural changes in the process of development of the city of Donetsk are analyzed. The main factors and aspects influencing the formation of the aesthetic appearance of the city with the preservation of the natural potential of the territories used are presented. To create a comfortable urban environment, it is necessary to take into account all factors and aspects of its formation. Currently, the city needs to carry out thorough work to solve these problems, reconstruct the facades of the main streets, and carry out major repairs of historically significant buildings. It is necessary to consider the development of lighting design, illumination of facades and squares, modernization of parks and squares, creation of pedestrian streets and underground, concept of the embankment and solve the issues of standard housing.
Key words: historical buildings, plastic facade, plastic streets, plastic city, reconstruction, organization of the coastal zone, revitalization.
Hafizulla Benai, Alexey Zhilchenko
The Main Prerequisites for the Formation of Multifunctional Shopping and Entertainment Centers in the Conditions of Reconstruction on the Example of the Cinema «Era» in Makeyevka
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article discusses the main prerequisites affecting the organization of multifunctional shopping and entertainment centers in the conditions of reconstruction. Reconstruction is an extremely complex process in the practice of design. Before starting practical work, it is necessary to consider a number of prerequisites confirming the relevance of the organization of the reconstructed object. In particular, the reconstruction with the repurposing of the cinema «Era». The Era cinema, located within the city of Makeyevka, operated during the Soviet period according to its main functional purpose (cinema screening). To date, the object is in a dilapidated state, does not function according to its main functional purpose. This problem has a negative impact on the state of the city, the object has long ceased to be a cultural and educational center. Being within the city, the object occupies a large territory, which is crossed daily by a huge number of people. Therefore, it was decided to develop a project for the architectural and spatial reintegration of the cinema.
Key words: reconstruction, organization, architectural and spatial background, reorganization, integration, renovation, object, accessibility, recreation, landscaping.
Igor Lobov, Anastasia Motina
Urban Ecology as a New Direction of Urban Science
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Human choice of habitat is increasingly based on the quality criteria of its natural component. At the same time, the main feeling and reaction to the surrounding space is preserved, where, even with a rational choice of habitat, the natural and environmental factor still significantly affects the mental state and well-being of citizens [1]. An indicator of the quality of an urban form – viability, proposed by K. Lynch, acts as an anthropocentric criterion, including the ability of the environment to support the existence of biological species [2]. Thus, the natural-ecological factor is a qualitative criterion for the organization of urban space. The development of objective patterns of interaction between the natural and artificial human environment – nature and the city is an interdisciplinary science – urban ecology. Urban ecology is a special section of urban planning and design that defines the goals, objectives and methods for solving environmental problems (environmental and urban planning problems), which is used in planning and developing cities, urban planning, planning forecasts and implementing current urban and construction tasks. The main goal of urban ecology is the search, study and implementation in design practice of the principles of creating an architectural and landscape environment in which the interests of nature and man are harmoniously combined.
Key words: urban ecology, territory planning, landscape architecture, eco-village, sustainable development of the territory, regional urban ecology, ecological task.
Igor Lobov, Yuliya Gonchar
Structural Elements of the Formation of the Functional and Typological Organization of Integrated Preschool Educational Institutions on the Basis of Inactive Facilities in the Cities of the Donetsk Region
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article is a continuation of the article on the topic «Features of the architectural organization of integrated preschool educational institutions in the cities of the Donetsk region», presented at the V International full-time Scientific and Practical Conference of young scientists and students «Actual problems of urban development», and describes the main structural elements involved in the formation of the functional and typological organization of preschool educational institutions of integrated type based on inactive facilities in the Donetsk region. The definition of the structural elements forming an integrated preschool institution will reveal their features and varieties, which in turn will affect the choice of the most optimal principle of architectural and planning organization of an integrated preschool educational institution based on an inactive object, which in the current difficult economic and political situation in the Donetsk region will allow achieving maximum social, economic and functional effect. Such a solution, under the circumstances, will be able to improve the quality of life of the population by satisfying part of its request.
Key words: economic impact, additional educational functions, integration, features of formation, functional planning scheme, preschool educational institution.
Nickolay Sholukh, Ekaterina Satsura, Victoria Sedykh
The Main Urban Planning Conditions and Factors that Determine the Features of the Territorial Placement of Social Institutions with Elements of Employment of Disabled People
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the territorial location of social and rehabilitation institutions providing or admitting the possibility of employment of invalids. The authors consecutively consider basic town-planning conditions and factors influencing the nature of location of these types of institutions in the city structure. It is shown that a determining role in the choice of area for placement of social institutions with the functions of rehabilitation and employment of persons with disabilities, including persons of older age is played by such weighty factors, as features of the planning structure of the city and the localization of zones with high and high density of population of the category under consideration, development level of social infrastructure of the city and its individual areas (considered as potential locations of objects of this type), peculiarities of social infrastructure of the city and its individual areas, the location of the objects of the category under consideration. Based on the research which was carried out, it is concluded that it is necessary and expedient to use a systematic approach to solving this problem, which allows for comprehensive consideration of the main groups of influencing conditions and factors.
Key words: disabled and physically weakened persons of advanced and senile age, social and psycho-physiological specifics, needs for rehabilitation and employment, social and rehabilitation institutions, urban planning conditions and factors, conditions of functioning and operation, convenience of providing places of employment, social and economic effect.
Nickolay Sholukh, Daria Suslenkova
Design and Construction of Transport Hubs of the City, Taking into Account the Convenience of Movement of Low-Mobility Groups of the Population: Analysis of Foreign Practice
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of designing and building transport interchange hubs of the city, taking into account the requirements for the convenience and safety of movement of the disabled and other people with limited mobility. From the positions of the indicated points of view, the authors consistently consider the advanced foreign experience of real and experimental design and construction of transport hubs in large and largest cities in countries such as Sweden, Finland, Italy, Germany, Portugal and some others. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the experience of constructing separate, absolutely non-intersecting transport, pedestrian and bicycle corridors in the structure of such structures and in the adjacent territories, as well as consideration of the experience of designing such facilities using a system of branched multi-level communications. Based on the results of the studies performed, it is concluded that the use of advanced foreign experience in this area will contribute to the creation of convenient and safe conditions for the movement of various groups of the population at the objects of the considered type.
Key words: transport interchange hubs, people with disabilities and other low-mobility groups of the population, requirements for convenience and safety of movement, traffic and pedestrian flows, separate transport and pedestrian corridors, multi-level communication systems, social and economic effect.
Alina Sinyakova, Ekaterina Satsura
Organization of a Workplace for a Person with Physical Disabilities in the Structure of a Commercial Enterprise: Socio-Legal and Architectural Aspects
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article deals with the problem of organizing jobs in the structure of large trading enterprises for people with physical disabilities. The authors analyze the existing experience in arranging places of employment for such categories of the population, and also set the task to offer some recommendations on arranging places for the functional capabilities of a person with specific features. An important aspect in this subject is the legal and regulatory boundary, namely, its influence on the architectural and planning and constructive and technical organization of workplaces of trade enterprises. Based on the analysis and tasks set for the organization of such jobs in commercial enterprises, the article presents the experience of creating the necessary working conditions for such people and suggests some methods for improving the places of employment, taking into account the needs of persons with disabilities.
Key words: disabled people and other low-mobility groups of the population, universal and specific needs, issues of adaptation of large commercial enterprises, socio-legal and architectural aspects.
Marina Chernysh, Elina Kovalenko
Formation of Museum and Exhibition Complexes in the Cities of Donbass
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Every year, with the advent of new approaches to the accumulation and transmission of information, the trend of the formation of modern museum buildings is increasing. The architecture of museums provides society with the opportunity to gain a new experience of interaction with the outside world, so questions about what a museum of the future should be are relevant in modern realities. This article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the formation, location and improvement of museum institutions. The analysis of existing scientific works, publications, as well as the regulatory framework in the field of formation of the architecture of museums and exhibition complexes and similar objects was carried out. The study identifies the trend of rapid growth of museum and exhibition complexes and justifies the relevance of their further consideration. The article provides a classification of museums, as well as discusses various aspects of the formation of museum architecture. Based on the results of the research carried out, the prospects for the formation of museum and exhibition complexes in the cities of Donbass are determined, which are important in the future for the implementation of such design and research solutions.
Key words: museum, museum architecture, museum and exhibition complex, design of the museum, the city of Donbas.
Natalya Kharkovskaya
Architectural Improvement and Development of New Generation Research Institutions Based on Integrated Reconstruction Approaches
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article discusses the improvement and development of new generation research institutions, characterizes and defines the main approaches to complex reconstruction. The main approaches and directions of formation of the environment of research institutions are revealed. Some of the approaches are well-established and time-tested, while others are dictated by modern trends and changing design requirements. However, all approaches are classified according to the levels at which they are implemented, such as: urban planning, volume-spatial, architectural and planning, compositional-artistic and constructive-technical. The most progressive among them is the multifunctional approach, in which several areas of research are combined into one complex and an educational and cultural-educational function is introduced, which increases the level of research results, as well as the economic indicators of the region and the level of social development of the population. The construction of research institutions follows certain patterns that are generally accepted when creating buildings and structures of a similar purpose of a new generation, which ensures the connection of elements of different types into an integral structure of the building and space. When creating research facilities, special attention should be paid to the main methods and approaches that contribute to the optimal organization of space for scientific and research activities, which will achieve universality, flexibility, and the possibility of transforming the internal space.
Key words: improvement, development, research institutions, complexes, approaches, reconstruction.
Natalya Kharkovskaya, Tamara Zagoruiko, Elena S’yedina
Analysis of the Design of the Architectural and Planning Organization of Scientific and Technological Complexes
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article examines the analysis of the modern development of the architectural and planning organization of scientific and technological complexes. The existing approaches that determine the nature of the formation of scientific and technological complexes have been investigated and generalized. The main principles and factors of the placement of scientific and technological complexes in the structure of the city are considered. Buildings of this purpose are now more and more in demand and are making significant changes in social practice. In addition, the main methods influencing the formation of the three-dimensional solution of buildings of scientific and technical complexes are determined. Typological indications for further development and improvement of architectural construction of buildings of scientific and technical complexes are considered. The combination of advantages of all types and designs allows us to distinguish a universal typological structure of buildings of scientific and technical complexes. Examples of buildings with the placement of high-tech technologies for the development of industrial industrial buildings, high production technologies, trends in the construction of modern industrial buildings are given.
Key words: scientific and technological complex, science, scientific and technological development, complex, analysis, architectural and planning organization, system.
Natalya Smirnova
Current Architectural and Urban Planning Problems of Spectacular Buildings and Structures in Reconstruction
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. To date, scientific and design studies confirm that architecturally and urban planning structure of the existing buildings is developing rapidly, and at the same time, it needs to improve, and in some cases, significantly transform. In the presented article the key architectural and urban planning problems of entertainment buildings and structures are revealed, and the reasons for the reconstruction of these objects in the structure of urban development are substantiated. The work highlights the regularity of deterioration of operating conditions and the level of development of the territories of the majority of spectacular buildings and structures. On the basis of the considered circumstances the conclusion about necessity of reconstruction of objects of entertainment appointment which will consider social aspects, quality of operational and technical perfection, and also the correct approach in development of city building, in consequence of which the most suitable methods and approaches of reconstruction can be developed.
Key words: entertainment buildings and structures, architectural and urban planning problems, reconstruction, transformation, obsolescence, dynamics of development.
Angelina Stupina
Principles of Visual-Spatial Reorganization of Violations of the Urban Environment
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The problems of forming the urban environment as an architectural space, where the sensations of comfort, beauty, reliability, freedom, adaptability to functional activity are merged in a single, holistic quality, are becoming increasingly important today. Modern cities are developing rapidly and spontaneously, old buildings are being reconstructed, every free area of the territory is being built up (especially the central areas), while not always enough attention is paid to how the shape and color scheme of the new building will interact with the existing buildings. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, research in the field of perception takes on an ecological character. A constant visual environment, its intensity with visual components, has a very significant effect, especially on the eyes, i.e. the organ of vision; in this case, the environmental factor that makes up the human habitat is affected. A new scientific direction that forms the nuances of the visual perception of the environment is videoecology, since the solution to the problem of perception comes down to the harmonization of the urban environment.
Key words: videoecology, urban environment, advertising, visual-spatial perception.
Konstantin Marenkov, Kirill Kharagezov
Features of Architectural and Urban Planning Organization Children’s Medical Complexes
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The scientific work is devoted to the study and solution of issues of modern architectural approaches in the new construction of children’s medical institutions. The Children’s City Hospital performs such functions as the organization and provision of medical care, research, communication, commercial, organization of hospitalization of patients, training of employees of state institutions, simultaneous admission of a large number of patients of varying degrees of complexity, holding scientific conferences and exchange of experience with foreign practice. The main feature of children’s medical institutions is the solution of the problems of preserving life and health not for an individual patient, but for large groups of patients. Children’s medicine is engaged in the study and treatment of the child’s body (diseases and poisoning). One of the main tasks of children’s medicine is to preserve the health and treatment of children, from infants to young men, and in case of illness – its restoration.
Key words: buildings and structures children’s medical complexes, urban planning organization, architectural organization, master plan scheme, constructive scheme, medical institutions, hospital complex.
Yuliana Isaeva
Outdoor Advertising Media and Information Objects as Part of the Spatial and Environmental Organization of Coastal Territories
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article discusses issues in the field of subject-information support of the architectural environment of coastal territories with the help of outdoor advertising and information objects. A classification of these objects was made in order to identify possible options for their use in the improvement of the city. New and current trends in the field of outdoor advertising and media are identified, which are necessary for the relationship of a person with the surrounding architectural space. The advantages and disadvantages of the currently relevant methods for the implementation of outdoor advertising objects within the architectural environment are revealed. Variants of the use of information objects in the organization of the space of the coastal environment, as well as on the territory of resort towns, have been formed. The conclusion is made about the influence of the form of dissemination of information objects on a person as a recipient.
Key words: trends, outdoor advertising, information objects, spatial-medial organization, classification, small architectural form.
Elena Kaydalova
Analysis of Scientific and Practical Recommendations in the Field of Harmonization of the Environment of Educational Institutions
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The emergence of new types of educational institutions: gymnasiums, lyceums, private schools, the introduction of in-depth study of individual subjects in ordinary schools, suggests that changes are taking place in the educational process, a massive reorganization is taking place. New methods of education are being developed, schools are adjusting curricula by adding new subjects, requirements and trends in society are changing. Thus, there is an acute discrepancy between the educational process and its material shell. This article discusses scientific and practical recommendations for the design and construction of modern general education school buildings, proposed by experts in the field of architecture, design, pedagogy and psychology, which are based on the application of various methods and principles of harmonization of the space-planning composition of premises and the appearance of buildings of general education institutions, as well as the need to rethink the material component of this process.
Key words: space, architectural and compositional solution, improvement, variability, harmonization, integration, innovation, composition, space-planning solution, design, reconstruction, transformability.
Elena Melyokhina
Information and Interactive Elements in the Structure of the City’s Recreational Areas
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article reveals the idea of integrating information and interactive elements into the structure of the recreational areas of the city is devoted to the issues of their study as a component and method of forming urban space. It discusses the most modern and necessary elements for a comfortable and useful pastime of the population of the city. A study and analysis were conducted on the importance and necessity of using these elements in the environment of a modern city. The basic concepts are considered and disclosed. Effective conditions for the implementation of these elements in the structure of recreational areas are presented. Conclusions on this topic are formulated based on its research. The main task, according to the concept of this work, is to form an architectural environment in which a person can not only receive information, but also change it or interact with it, be involved in the process of reorganization and formation of the artistic environment surrounding him.
Key words: information elements, interactive elements, information-interactive space, recreational areas, landscaping.
Elizaveta Shaparskaya
Features of the Formation of the Architecture of Leisure Institutions in the Cities of the Donetsk Region
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article discusses the problems of the formation of leisure institutions in the cities of the Donetsk region. For the first time in Donbas, the problem of organizing a leisure center for various age groups of the population has been raised. The purpose of the study is to find solutions for further design of a completely new, multifunctional type of buildings for the Donetsk region. The ways of solving the existing problems for this area are determined. The research is based on the analysis of complex solutions of leisure facilities in domestic and foreign practice. A study of the foreign practice of designing leisure centers has been conducted and the possibilities of their adaptation for Donbas have been identified. The issues of the possibility of creating multifunctional leisure centers in the cities of the Donetsk region are touched upon and innovative approaches are formulated in the design of objects of this type taking into account regional, urban planning, architectural and planning factors. The study revealed that a new type of building for Donbas can be formed by improving such an established type of buildings as the Palace of Culture and the Palace of Sports, as well as adding new functions to meet the needs of the population.
Key words: club, Donetsk region, Donbas, leisure, institution, public building, leisure center, complex, culture, multifunctional.
Tamara Chernysheva
Features of the Design and Installation of Soundproof Asymmetric Frame-Sheathing Partitions Made of Drywall
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Currently, internal enclosing structures of piecemeal assembly are widely used in construction. The necessary sound insulation qualities of lightweight prefabricated enclosing structures can be obtained subject to compliance with special requirements and the search for fundamentally new design solutions that provide reliable sound insulation. The article presents the design solutions of sound-proofing asymmetric frame-sheathing partitions and interface nodes recommended in the design and construction as internal enclosing structures in residential and public buildings. This type of structures is based on standard design solutions of partitions using proprietary and specialized materials of KNAUF, taking into account the requirements of current building codes and regulations for the design, installation and operation of building structures of piecemeal assembly. At the same time, the quality and durability of the structure, thermal, noise and humidity conditions in the room, as well as the quality of further finishing of partitions is being prepared.
Key words: constructions made of plasterboard sheets, component materials and products, soundproof asymmetric frame-sheathing partitions, installation.
Evgeniy Gayvoronskiy, Sergey Boroznov, Evgeniy Vorobyov
The Problem of Architectural and Urban Reconstruction and Restoration Objects of Cultural Heritage of Transport and Communication Purposes in the Donbas Territory
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the formulation of the problem of architectural and urban reconstruction and restoration of historical transport facilities in the Donbass territory. The issues of the relevance of the study of this problem are considered, including its insufficient theoretical knowledge and practical elaboration, the imperfection of the regulatory and methodological framework in this area in the field of cultural heritage protection, as well as the need to generalize, analyze international practice regarding the reconstruction and restoration of historical transport facilities, as well as identifying and adapting positive trends in this direction to the specific conditions of Donbass. The most successful examples from this practice, as well as existing examples of historical transport facilities on the territory of Donbass, are given, an assessment is made of their historical and cultural potential and the direction of its use in modern conditions. The scientific research program is formulated, including the purpose, tasks, methodology, expected results, their novelty and scientific and practical significance.
Key words: architectural and urban reconstruction, Donbass, Donetsk People’s Republic, historical transport facilities, reconstruction, restoration.
Darya Djereley
The Problem of Architectural and Urban Planning Formation of Objects of an Innovative and Economic Nature on the Basis of Complexes of Buildings and Structures of Industrial Enterprises with Underground Structures
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The work is devoted to the problem of architectural and urban planning formation of objects of an innovative and economic nature on the basis of complexes of buildings and structures of industrial enterprises with underground structures. It is based on an analysis of the degree of knowledge of this issue and progressive examples from international practice. The relevance of its research is substantiated. The results of the analysis of existing studies on the subject under study are given, some progressive examples from international practice are considered in relation to the specific conditions of the Donetsk region. On this basis, a research program has been developed, including the purpose, objectives, projected results and their scientific and practical significance. It is established that the solution of the problem under consideration requires the expansion of existing general theoretical concepts, the development of new, regionally determined conceptual principles and techniques based on the use of the potential of inactive industrial enterprises.
Key words: architectural and town-planning formation, complexes of buildings and structures of industrial enterprises with underground structures, objects of innovative and economic nature, strategy of socio-economic development of the territory, Donbass.