Aleksei Belous, Eduard Lozinsky, Olha Belous
Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Heat-Conducting Inclusions on the Amplitude of Fluctuations in the Temperature of the Inner Surface in Summer
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article considers the issue of heat resistance of external structures of residential buildings made according to the frame-panel scheme. One of the features of frame-panel buildings is a high level of heterogeneity of external protective structures. The boards have a large number of racks, crossbars, jumpers and connecting elements. At the same time, we should not forget about linear heat-conducting inclusions caused by the shape of the building – external and internal corners of the building, balconies, window and door slopes and basements. Two characteristic junctions for buildings made by the frame-panel method were considered, with two types of frames: LSTK profiles and wooden solid beams. As a result of the analysis of the obtained values, in the Simulation module of the SolidWorks software package, minimum and maximum values of temperatures on the inner surface in time, a scheme of distribution of oscillation amplitudes was constructed for two calculation schemes: the outer corner of the building and the junction of the floor and the wall with LSTK and a wooden frame of the shield panel. It is established that in the zone of heat-conducting inclusions the construction exceeds the maximum allowable normative value by 5 and 3 times for LSTK and wooden profiles, respectively, which does not meet the regulatory requirements.
Key words: heat resistance, non-stationary mode, temperature field, redistribution, amplitude, method.
Viktor Yartsev, Vladislav Danilov
The Effect of UV Irradiation on the Thermal Fluctuation Constants of Fiberboard and Chipboard During Penetration
Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia
Abstract. The results of experimental studies of the operational properties of chipboard and fiberboard exposed to UV irradiation are presented. The relevance of the work lies in the need to identify the effect of external factors on the properties of wood slabs and consider the results obtained when predicting long-term strength. To obtain reliable data, the thermal fluctuation concept of strength is applied, which allows considering the simultaneous effect of temperature, time, and load, as well as additional external influences. The patterns of destruction and deformation of wood slabs during penetration in a wide range of constant stresses and temperatures, both without additional influences and under the action of UV irradiation, have been studied. Thermal fluctuation constants indicating the nature of destruction and the degree of danger of exposure are calculated. It is established that for all materials, after the action of UV irradiation, there is a significant loss of durability and strength.
Key words: fiberboard, chipboard, materials science, thermal fluctuation, UV irradiation.
Alfiya Kapizova, Maryam Aliyeva, Anna Chernyshova
Determination of Fire-Safe Properties of Floor Coverings by Analyzing their Fire Hazard
State Autonomous Educational Institution of the Astrakhan Region of Higher Education «Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering», Astrakhan, Russia
Abstract. The article provides an analysis of the fire properties of floor coverings in order to determine the most fireproof material. To achieve this goal, we determined their fire hazard characteristics: oxygen index, combustibility, degree of toxicity, flammability and smoke generating ability. Based on the data presented in the article, it can be concluded that for the most part the materials we are considering are fire hazardous materials, but among them there are instances that have fireproof properties. These materials include quartz vinyl tiles and commercial linoleum. The article also provides an analysis of the methods of fire protection of the coatings we are considering, from which we can conclude that at the moment there is no universal means of reducing the fire-hazardous properties of floor coverings.
Key words: floor coverings, degree of toxicity acid index, flammability, flammability.
Kirill Kondrashin, Tatiana Kurbatovа, Nadezhda Raktovich, Roman Petrov
Strengthening of Soils with Synthetic Resins in Road and Airfield Construction
State Autonomous Educational Institution of the Astrakhan Region of Higher Education «Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering», Astrakhan, Russia
Abstract. With the expansion of built-up areas, some part is alienated due to the impossibility or great complexity of construction work on it. The search for ways to strengthen weak soils is very relevant. Furfural-aniline resin (FAS) is the most studied and most often used to strengthen soils in road and airfield construction. It has hydrophobic and structure-forming properties. The manifestation of one or another property depends on the number of FAS that is introduced into the soil. When treating soils with slightly acidic and acidic reactions with small (up to 2 %) doses of FAS, the latter does not exhibit structure-forming properties, but only hydrophobizes the soil. When more than 2 % of FAS is introduced into the soil, structure-forming properties begin to manifest. The effectiveness of strengthening the soils of the FAS depends on their chemical, mineral and granulometric composition, the content of easily soluble salts, organic substances in them, as well as other factors.
Key words: weak soils, road and airfield construction, synthetic polymers, chemical reinforcement.
Sergey Gorozhankin, Savenkov Nikita, Oleg Zolotarev, Lilia Kovaleva
Automotive Driving Test Cycle Analysis Using Variation Series
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Mathematical processing of the laws of driving of automotive by expanding them into variational series is considered in the article. As an example, the results for standardized riding cycles are given: the New European Riding Cycle NEDC and the Worldwide Harmonized Riding Cycle WLTC. Also, using the example of the Mathcad computer algebra system, the simplest algorithm for converting the studied dependencies into a variational series with specified parameters is proposed. The results which were obtained in the study can be applied both for the analysis, including comparative, of actual driving modes of cars, including driving cycles, and for solving problems of synthesis of promising power plants, as well as algorithms for their control based on complex multiparametric optimization taking into account sets of driving modes in operation.
Key words: driving cycle, variation series, vehicle speed, driving time, algorithm, option, interval.
Victoriia Mazur, Victoriia Kiselyova
Analysis of Factors Influencing on the Choice of Constructive Solutions for the Floors of Tank Farms
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The development of the national economy of the country determines the need for the construction of new, repair and reconstruction of existing tank farms. Increased requirements for environmental and fire safety, chemical and biological resistance, insulation properties lead to certain problems when designing floors and fencing squares, since there are practically no regulatory recommendations for their design. The article shows the schematic diagram of the square floor, the main variants of the device of individual layers are given, the factors and requirements affecting the choice of a constructive solution of square floors are analyzed. The necessity of developing scientifically-based recommendations on the choice of a constructive solution for floors and fencing of tank farms is shown. The relevance of further research is determined, which will optimize the design solutions of the square floors, taking into account the factors and requirements.
Key words: tank farm, floor square, structural solution, fencing, collapsing, insulation layer.
Hafizulla Benai, Tamara Zagoruiko, Natalia Smirnova
Scientific and Experimental Aspects of Architectural and Urban Surveying of Spectacular Buildings and Structures during Reconstruction
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. In the present scientific paper, the complex questions connected with scientific and experimental aspects of architectural and town-planning inspection of entertainment buildings and structures at their reconstruction are presented. Covering this theme testifies to the fact that buildings and structures for entertainment purposes, realized in the period of standardization, at the moment of fast development of city building, require complex architectural and urban planning reconstruction. The authors proposed methodology of architectural and urban survey and formulated approaches, reflecting scientific foundations in the reconstruction of public buildings, and justified their experimental significance in the structure of modern building development. The main approaches of architectural and urban survey, based on the principles of sustainable development of urban planning system and improvement of the architectural typology of objects of entertainment purpose are formulated and systematized in a logical sequence The scientific paper has been aimed at the further development of project proposals for the reconstruction of the spectacular buildings and structures in order to increase the social and operational characteristics, as well as to increase the architectural attractiveness of the object of reconstruction.
Key words: architectural and urban survey, entertainment buildings, reconstruction, scientific substantiation, experimental aspects.
Sergey Tsarenko, Maxim Sgibnev
Modeling of Seismic Impacts Based on an Elastic One-Mass System with a Non-Stationary Support
Kamchatka State Technical University
Abstract. The article considers a model of a single-mass cantilever structure with a non-stationary support. This model is used in the dynamic method of studying building structures for the effect of seismic loads. A unified approach to obtaining computational dependencies is proposed, which is based on the decomposition of the portable motion function into a Fourier series. As an example, studies of dynamic stresses in the structures of water towers of the Rozhnovsky system have been carried out. The movement of the support is modeled by three damped harmonic functions, and correspond to an earthquake force of 8 points. The study was carried out taking into account the change in the natural frequency of the tower depending on the level of its filling. The simulation results showed that structures with the considered parameters can be operated with a seismicity of 8 points with restrictions on the levels of filling or emptying. The proposed approach can also be used to study the dynamics of different types of structures under technological influences, for example, on floating platforms and ships.
Key words: forced oscillations, single-mass system, cantilever rod, earthquake, Fourier series, water tower.
Vladislav Khmelevskoy, Lyubov Levchenko
Sustainability of Operation of Hazardous Production Facilities in Wartime
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Improving the stability of the functioning of hazardous production facilities should be an integral part of the activities of design, construction, installation organizations engaged in the design, construction and installation of hazardous production facilities and its technological equipment, management and all production personnel of the facility during its operation from input to output. The article reveals the main requirements for increasing the sustainability of the operation of hazardous production facilities, which should be built into the procedure for making managerial, design, construction, economic and social decisions when creating and operating hazardous production facilities on a priority basis. The organizational measures and engineering and technical measures are considered in relation to: the buildings and structures of the enterprise, its hydraulic structures, installations in open areas, technological equipment, public utilities networks, communication networks and process control, security systems, fire extinguishing and accident-free shutdown of production.
Key words: hazardous industrial facilities, stability of operation of hazardous industrial facilities, occurrence of emergencies.
Sergey Pazukhin, Olga Shikulskaya
System Analysis of a Single-Stage Water Treatment Scheme Based on Functional Process Modeling
State Autonomous Educational Institution of the Astrakhan Region of Higher Education «Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering», Astrakhan, Russia
Abstract. Continuously increasing requirements for the quality of water treatment, changing operating conditions of water treatment facilities, physical and moral wear of equipment lead to the need to improve water treatment systems. However, in conditions of limited funding, you need to choose solutions that optimally combine price and quality. It is impossible to solve such problems without applying system analysis. The work analyzed the problems of water treatment, substantiated the need to use system analysis to solve problems. You have selected functional modeling as the toolkit. To solve the problem, a functional model of a single-stage water treatment scheme was developed and analyzed. The paper presents a context diagram of the water treatment system, a diagram of its decomposition, decomposition diagram of the mixing process and a diagram of the node tree. The analysis of the functional model showed the acceptability of the technology used with the condition of major repairs of the technological equipment.
Key words: water treatment technology, single-stage diagram, system analysis, functional modeling, process, node tree diagram, context diagram.
Anna Chernyshova, Alfiya Kapizova
Prospects for the Use of Some Processes for Obtaining Raw Materials for Petrochemicals at the Astrakhan Gas Processing Plant
State Autonomous Educational Institution of the Astrakhan Region of Higher Education «Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering», Astrakhan, Russia
Abstract. The problem of rational use of hydrocarbon raw materials is one of the main ones, the solution of which allows enterprises to process raw materials most efficiently and professionally in order to expand the range of products. The condensate which is produced at the AGCM contains a sufficiently large amount of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons, which can be used as a raw material of the pyrolysis process to produce lower olefins – raw materials for the production of polymers and other products for the synthesis of other substances. Promising areas of improvement of this process are catalytic pyrolysis, dilution of raw materials with hydrogen, addition of various compounds to raw materials and wave processing of raw materials. Along with the production of lower olefins, aromatic hydrocarbons are also formed during pyrolysis, which are also a valuable raw material for the petrochemical industry. Thus, the introduction of the pyrolysis process will lead to an expansion of the product range due to the deepening of processing and the most rational and qualified use of its own raw materials – this is another step in the development of the Astrakhan gas chemical complex.
Key words: condensate, pyrolysis, hydrocarbons.
Ekaterina Golovatenko
Improving the Environmental Safety of Water Bodies by Using Mine Water in the Circulation Cycles of Vacuum Pumping Stations
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Among the priority tasks of the coal industry of Donbas there are the problems of environmental protection and rational nature management. Their practical solution was preceded by the implementation of a significant amount of prospecting, research, development and design work, which are aimed at creating technological processes and devices that reduce the harmful effects of the coal industry on the environment. The characteristic areas of the negative impact of coal enterprises in the industry are: pollution of water bodies by mine, quarry, industrial and household sewage, violation of the hydrological regime of surface waters, hydrodynamic and hydrochemical regime of groundwater; withdrawal from land use and disturbance of lands, pollution of them with waste from coal mining and processing; pollution of the air basin by emissions from mining and transport equipment, industrial and municipal boiler houses, burning rock dumps.
Key words: degassing, vacuum pump, aerodynamic characteristic, diaphragm, pressure gauge – vacuum gauge.
Tatiana Stepanenko, Alina Fedorova
Analysis of Ways to Reduce the Anthropogenic Load on Water Bodies by Improving the Technological Process of Mine Water Treatment
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The paper considers the problem of pollution of surface water bodies by mine waters. One of the factors for the deterioration of the ecological state of the territory of industrial regions is the pollution of natural water bodies with insufficiently treated wastewater, including mine water from mining enterprises. Currently, most mines carry out sewage treatment from suspended solids by settling and disinfection. The analysis of promising directions and possibilities of using mine water for technical needs, as well as the average chemical composition of mine water, made it possible to identify indicators that limit the reuse of mine water. These indicators include: mineralization, content of suspended solids, total iron, sulfates. Possible variants of complex treatment of highly mineralized mine waters are considered. The obtained research results can be used to improve existing treatment schemes at enterprises to improve the quality of discharged water and the possibility of their reuse.
Key words: mine waters, mineralization, sulfates, suspended solids, demineralization, reverse osmosis.
Wang Xianpeng, Sergey Leonovich
Experimental Study on Strength of 2 % Coir Fiber Recycled Concrete
Belarusian National Technical University, Minsk, Belarus
Abstract. The creation of new building materials requires serious research on fiber-reinforced concrete, which includes renewable and environmentally friendly plant fibers: bamboo, sisal, straw, coconut, etc. These studies have been actively conducted since the middle of the 20th century. Scientists have found that the mechanical characteristics of fiber-reinforced concrete, including flexural and compressive strength, heat resistance and crack resistance, depend on the properties of the fibers themselves and on their amount in the concrete composition. The article analyzes test data for concrete with the addition of coconut fiber. The results showed that 2 % coconut fiber increased the concrete’s flexural strength, axial compression, and crack resistance. According to its mechanical characteristics, such fiber-reinforced concrete meets the requirements for certain types of concrete, and can be used as a «green» building material.
Key words: concrete, coconut fiber, bending strength, compressive strength, crack resistance.
Angelina Stupina
International Practice of Architectural Formation of Enterprises for the Production of Building Materials on the Basis of Inactive Enterprises of the Coal Industry
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The problem of reorganization of inactive industrial zones and their complexes has always been relevant and necessary. Historic industrial buildings are often of interest as objects of historical and cultural heritage, and in this case, changes require special control by the municipal authorities and taking into account the general opinion of the population. The inclusion of industries in the planning structure of European cities has been actively discussed since the 1970s. 20th century. During this period, new urban approaches are being formed, and in the context of the general development of urban centers, the development of degrading zones begins on the outskirts of ports, railways, factories and factories. In the article, the author examines the current world trends in the reorganization of production on the example of coal mines, which have become popular areas of social and cultural life after adapting to a new function. This positive experience can be adapted to the peculiarities of domestic urban planning and taken into account when developing such projects.
Key words: building materials, coal industry, reorganization.
Valentina Yadykina a, Vladimir Kholopov b, Olga Mikhailova a
Changing the Properties of Bitumen Modified with Temperature-Reducing Additives
a Belgorod State Technological University V. G. Shukhova, Belgorod, Russia, a LLC «SELENA»
Abstract. The use of warm asphalt mixes is a promising direction in road construction, which provides a number of environmental, economic and technological advantages. Currently, an urgent problem due to the need to replace imported products is the production and implementation of domestic energy-efficient additives for the production of warm asphalt concrete. When evaluating the effectiveness of the use of additives in asphalt concrete, the influence of additives on the properties of the bituminous binder is of no small importance. The paper investigates the physicochemical properties of bitumens modified with temperature-reducing additives DAD-TA, Evotherm and Sasobit. According to the results of the study, a comparative analysis of the effect of additives on the characteristics of the binder was carried out. An assessment of the effectiveness of the use of the studied domestic additive in asphalt concrete mixtures is given.
Key words: bitumen, asphalt concrete, warm asphalt mix, adhesive additive, temperature reducing additive for asphalt concrete.
Tatyana Malyutina
Practical Application of Running-in of Flat Curves by Plane
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The point task of running-in of flat curves by a plane by methods of BN-calculus (point calculus of Balyuba-Naydysh [1]) and the practical application of such a run-in are considered. The possibility of a point, and with it a parametric task of running-in follows from the fact that only in this calculus there are opportunities to work with such objects of space. Two plane curves are defined by tangents, each of the curves is defined by two free functions and is located in its own plane. The condition is taken into account that the tangents intersect or are parallel, which is determined by the dependence of four functions. At the same time, this dependence determines the running-in plane and the forming of the ruled surface. The resulting run-in of flat curves with a plane can be used in computer modeling of machine-building parts, as well as in the calculation and design of metal-cutting tools using computer technology.
Key words: flat curve, rolling by a plane, tangent, free function, dependent function, metal-cutting instrument.
Svetlana Kosobokova, Evgeniya Konstantinova
State of Landscaping in Astrakhan
State Autonomous Educational Institution of the Astrakhan Region of Higher Education «Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering», Astrakhan, Russia
Abstract. In a city that includes historical buildings, old and modern residential complexes, services that carry out landscaping and maintenance of the territory are faced with the problem of adequately assessing the condition of trees and shrubs. The article presents the results of studies of landscaping objects in the three «sleeping» districts of Astrakhan, assesses their danger to residents and the reasons why there is a need for closer attention to them. Often, it is the incompetence of public utilities in pruning trees that leads to disastrous results. In most cases, defects affect the decorativeness of plants, and this is another argument for a more careful and rational attitude to landscaping, designed to decorate the city, and not cripple. The obtained results can be used as evidence in the investigation of various crimes, as well as the basis for a court decision. The identified structural defects in the main tree species of the city of Astrakhan used in landscaping should help public utilities to repair landscaping.
Key words: greening the city, weakened trees, structural defects, signs of accidents.
Yulia Kozhevnikova, Alena Samoylichenko
Reconstruction of Existing Foundations by the Method of «Establishment of Foundations in Tamped Pits»
State Autonomous Educational Institution of the Astrakhan Region of Higher Education «Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering», Astrakhan, Russia
Abstract. The demolition of objects included in the category of emergency involves the subsequent erection of buildings with a large number of floors on the vacated sites, and this, in turn, leads to the need for foundations capable of absorbing significant loads. One of the most commonly implemented methods is the construction of solid slab foundations in tamped pits. The main advantage of this method is the possibility of building a foundation in various soils. The paper considers the process of ramming, provides a classification of rammed foundations, as well as an example of a plan for a rammed foundation. It is substantiated that the reconstruction of existing foundations by the method of «developing foundations in tamped pits» in the future makes it possible to use existing pile elements, and with the introduction of additional short piles, to obtain a foundation that can absorb many times increased loads.
Key words: foundation, tamped pit, ramming process.