Elina Kovalenko, Marina Chernysh, Tamara Zagoruiko
Designing Museum and Exhibition Complexes: the Architecture of Modern Museums
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Every year all over the world the interest in architecture of modern museum buildings increases. Each country, participating in the process of globalization, tries to demonstrate the world its success in this sphere. At the same time the rate of construction of the complexes, where various cultural and art events are held, is increasing. In the process of designing such museums and exhibition complexes architects have to solve a variety of problems, ranging from the external appearance of the building to the convenience of the formation of expositions. This article is dedicated to the study of the problem of designing a new type of a modern museum: a museum and exhibition complex. The design principles of the complexes under consideration are discussed, and examples of completed projects are given. On the basis of the findings recommendations are given for further research in the design of museums and exhibition complexes.
Key words: museum, museum and exhibition complex, design, architecture.
Victoriia Mazur, Violetta Postoyenko, Victoria Kiseliova
Problems of Design and Features of Operation of Floors of Tank Farmsn
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the problems of designing and operating the floors of tank farms. The normative sources referred to in the design of fencing or dike wall of floors of tank farms are considered. Information on the influence of the tank farm layout on the height of the dike wall is presented. Similar and different characteristics of the presented regulatory sources have been revealed. It is established that in the regulatory sources on the device of anti-filtration screens used in the countries of the former Soviet Union they more often refer to the standards of the Russian Federation. In the foreign practice of polygon design, reference is made to the directives of the EU Council. However, as for domestic practice, there are no recommendations that allow choosing a rational method of installing floors of tank farms, taking into account the features of the layout and the area of the tank farm. Conclusions are drawn about the need for further research that would solve the problems of designing and further operation of the floors of the tank farms.
Key words: tank farm, dike wall, fencing, tank, floor square, anti-filtration screen, recommended designs.
Nikita Samoilov, Elena Kalmykova
The Construction of Wind Turbines in the Donbass is the Relevance of Today
SBVEI «Makeevsky Polytechnic College»
Abstract. The article describes the features of the technology for the construction of wind turbines in the coastal zone of the Aзов sea. Winds map data is given where Donbass is a wind-saturated region, favorable for the installation of wind power generators. A description of the structural elements of an industrial wind turbine is given. The article notes that the introduction of new production capacities in the energy sector opens up additional opportunities for the development of our region. The studies described in the article are due to the growing need for the use of autonomous power plants using renewable sources in order to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. Improving the operating properties and reducing the cost of wind turbines used as part of such power plants, contributes to the improvement of their technical and economic characteristics. The questions concerning the production of wind energy will create new jobs and other opportunities in the wind generation of our region.
Key words: wind turbine (wind generator), assembly crane, wind farm, power, and wind turbine speed.
Sergey Korobkov, Ksenia Pyankova, Denis Vcherashniy
Research of Mechanical Properties of Cement Stone under Conditions of Temperature Gradient
Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Tomsk, Russia
Abstract. In the study below, the results of the mechanical properties of cement stone samples hardening under conditions of temperature gradients were obtained. The purpose of these studies was to experimentally study the effect of temperature gradients (T = +60– (–20) °C) on the mechanical properties of a hardening cement mortar with a water-cement ratio W / C = 0.26. As a result of the experiments, we can conclude that the temperature gradient has a significant effect on the hardening of cement samples. Strengthening of cement samples-cubes for different test points occurs with different intensity. We also note that an increase in the heating time to 8 hours gives a significant increase and subsequent accumulation of the strength characteristics of the samples, and with an increase in time to 10 hours, the maximum increase in strength is observed. There is also a tendency to nonmonotonic strength accumulation of some specimens. It is expected that with a further increase in the hardening time, the trend of non-monotonic hardening will manifest itself to a greater extent. It can be assumed that nonmonotonic hardening is due to the effects of heat and mass transfer. The study of these processes will help to better understand the degree of negative impact on concrete structures of the temperature gradient and subsequently develop measures to increase their service life.
Key words: temperature gradient, cement stone, mass transfer, mechanical properties.
Victoria Veshnevskaya, Ivan Tkachuk, Denis Malinin
Effect of Fly Ash From Thermal Power Plants on the Rheological and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Non-Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article discusses the theoretical prerequisites for improving the properties of non-autoclaved aerated concrete through the use of local technogenic raw materials in its composition. The effect of fly ash from the Starobeshevsky and Zuevskaya TPPs on the rheological and physical-mechanical properties of non-autoclaved aerated concrete has been studied. It has been established that the introduction of TPP fly ash up to 30 % gives a plasticizing effect for aerated concrete mixture. Fluidity according to Suttard increases from 22 to 28 cm. The high dispersion of ash makes it possible to compact the interpore walls of aerated concrete, which contributes to an increase in the strength of non-autoclaved aerated concrete. In the course of the research, non-autoclaved aerated concrete was obtained on fly ash from thermal power plants with an average density in the dry state of 700 kg/m3, the strength of which meets the requirements of the standard.
Key words: aerated concrete, non-autoclaved aerated concrete, TPP fly ash, average density, compressive strength.
Alla Borodіna, Victoria Sabirova
Relevance of the Land Allotment Project for Operation of the Enterprise «Donbass Hothouses»
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article highlights a universal problem of irrational use of the land and addresses the issue of lack of food and land resources for the needs of the population. It reveals the general concepts which are associated with: land, land plot formation and allotment, greenhouses, greenhouse design, greenhouse complex, criteria and norms of allotment, parameters for selection, types of greenhouses and optimal conditions for their operation. Development of this project will bear fruit in the development of the state economy, will create competition in the domestic market, which will entail a change in prices and increase the demand for the proposed product. The sale of products to the market will increase the level of trade and entrepreneurial activity within the state, which will have a positive impact on the lives of the population. The study and implementation of the procedure of land allocation for the functioning of the greenhouse complex was the subject of the author’s research.
Key words: land, land plot, formation, allotment, greenhouses, greenhouse complex, norms, design, tasks.
Vyacheslav Markin, Alexandra Alexandrova
Ecologically Safe Technologies for Waste Water Disinfection
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Disinfection of wastewater by chlorination leads to the formation of toxic mutagenic carcinogens that pollute natural water bodies. To improve the ecological state of natural water bodies, a large-scale transition to environmentally friendly methods of disinfection is required. To this end, in this paper, we studied the most environmentally friendly and most promising technologies for wastewater disinfection that do not lead to the formation of harmful by-products, namely: ozonation, ultraviolet radiation treatment, cavitation treatment. A comparative analysis of these technologies is carried out; examples of their implementation in production are considered. On the basis of the performed analysis, conclusions were drawn about the further prospects of using the considered environmentally friendly technologies for wastewater disinfection.
Key words: sewage, disinfection, ozonation, ultraviolet radiation, cavitation treatment.
Alyona Tryakina, Anastasia Morgun
Problem of Solid Municipal Waste Disposal Technologies
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The problem of municipal waste disposal is one of the most acute problems in the world today. Uncontrolled accumulation of waste can lead to a global catastrophe. Now only in Russia there are several tens of thousands of overflowing garbage dumps. Only the implementation of the recycling and waste disposal program will be able to solve this urgent problem. The problem of complete destruction or partial disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) is relevant, first of all, from the point of view of the negative impact on the environment. Municipal solid waste is a rich source of secondary resources (including ferrous, non-ferrous, rare and dispersed metals), as well as a «free» energy carrier, since garbage is a renewable carbon-containing energy raw material for fuel energy. It is very important that the processes of disposal of household waste do not violate the ecological safety of the city, the normal functioning of the urban economy in terms of public sanitation and hygiene, as well as the living conditions of the population as a whole.
Key words: specialized organizations, landfill disposal, removal and disposal of MSW, separate collection.
Tatyana Malutina, Jaroslav Limanovskiy
Setting a Pair of Nearest Points on Intersecting Lines by Graphical and Computational Methods
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article proposes a solution to the positional problem for crossing lines – the operation of the nearest points on these lines. Two algorithms are considered: graphical, solved by the method of descriptive geometry, and computational, based on the analytical method of point calculus. With the help of the mathematical apparatus of Balyuba-Naidysh (BN) – calculation, the current positions of the bases of perpendiculars drawn from the corresponding points on the crossing lines were set. A system of then-Chechen equations is obtained, which determines the definition of the nearest points located on the common perpendicular of two crossing lines. If the points coincide, the intersection point of the lines will be found. The detailed description of the computational algorithm for finding the distance between intersecting straight lines is an example of the introduction of point geometry elements within the discipline «Engineering and Computer Graphics» in the preparation of bachelors of engineering specialties.
Key words: BN-calculus, point equation, computational algorithm, base of the perpendicular, metric operator of three points.
Olga Mishura, Luka Predko
Efficiency of the Use of Natural Materials at the Present Stage of Housing Construction: Prospects for the Use of Straw Panels in Eco-Houses
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. In the article, countryside – urbanization, built on the principle of low-rise settlement, is presented as an alternative to urban and suburban modifications of metropolitan urbanization. The usage of straw – as an environmentally friendly building material in the design of construction projects of private eco-friendly and energy-effective home for the implementation of low-rise urbanization is considered. The constructional features of panels made of dry stalks of cereal crops, in particular rye straw and hay are presented. Examples of construction technologies using straw are given. The advantages and disadvantages of pressed straw panels as well as options for their application in construction are considered. Various prejudices associated with the use of straw structures are analysed and refuted. The prospects of such technologies in modern architecture in connection with their focus on environmental friendliness and energy efficiency of buildings under construction are substantiated.
Key words: wall panels, eco materials, energy efficient house, straw panel, passive house.
Pavel Solovej, Anatoly Perevarjuha, Alina Belova, Ekaterina Razmyslova
Determining the Slope of Chimneys by Local Leveling
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. A method for local geometric and hydrodynamic leveling is proposed for determining the heel of chimneys located in difficult conditions of the territory undermined by mines. A method for deriving formulas for the connection between uneven draft and chimney roll is considered in detail. It has been established that when strong points are located at a distance of up to several kilometers from the structure, traditional high-precision geometric leveling is not effective, and hydrostatic and hydrodynamic leveling is impossible. The method of local geometric and hydrodynamic leveling, used to determine the rolls of high-rise structures, has significantly reduced costs, improved the accuracy of measurements and it can find application when performing such work. The proposed method has been tested in determining the roll of a reinforced concrete chimney during its side work and has shown its effectiveness and accuracy.
Key words: high-rise structures, local leveling, rolls, geometric and hydrodynamic leveling.
Svetlana Bekbergenova a, Anna Kharlamova a, Nikolay Serpokrylov b
Development of Technology and Devices for Water Preparation for Breeding Sturgeon (on the Example of Arid Zones)
a State Autonomous Educational Institution of the Astrakhan Region of Higher Education «Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering», Astrakhan, Russia;
a FSBEI HE «Don State Technical University», Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Abstract. The paper provides a theoretical justification, the development and research of a new technology and appropriate devices for the preparation of water for fish farms have been carried out. Material is presented on the use of radial filters with the use of zeolite for fish ponds and the features of purification of circulating waters of fish-breeding waters by radially ascending filtration, experimental studies are carried out and indicators of water purification of fish-breeding enterprises on various filtering and sorption materials are obtained. The obtained data, subject to the accumulation and processing of sufficient statistical material on the operation of the proposed radial filters, will make it possible to recommend this design for the implementation of water treatment technology for industrial fish breeding enterprises. This requires the introduction of appropriate technologies and installations for the treatment of circulating and waste water from fish farming enterprises in industrial conditions, as well as the study of the applicability of the developed technology for treating other types of fish farming waters.
Key words: filter loading, ammonium nitrogen, zeolite, suspended solids, purification efficiency, pond water.
Mikhail Arabov, Semid Arabov
Application of Modern Fittings at the Chemical Water Treatment of the Start-Up Boiler House of the Astrakhan GPP
State Autonomous Educational Institution of the Astrakhan Region of Higher Education «Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering», Astrakhan, Russia
Abstract. This article is devoted to the use of modern fittings at the chemical water treatment of the start-up boiler house of the Astrakhan GPP. The features of operation of pipeline fittings in adverse conditions, their advantages and disadvantages are studied and considered. The work is mainly aimed at analyzing the valve market and determining a rational in terms of quality and reliability option for valve operation in an acidic environment. To ensure this, the causes of wear (and, as a result, rejection) of the working surfaces of stop valves during the operation of a chemical water treatment plant are considered. The use of the so-called pinch valves (gate valves), which proved to be excellent during operation in various industries, is considered. This is due to the absence of housing seats in contact with the pumped medium, and, accordingly, the stuffing box assembly. The generated recommendations make it possible to significantly reduce operating costs and increase the degree of reliability (eliminate emergency outages) of industrial installations.
Key words: pipeline fittings, corrosion, wear, hose lock.
Maxim Bodnya, Diana Bagdagyulyan
The Main Aspects of the Problems of Development of Volunteer Fire Brigades (on the Example of the Astrakhan Region)
State Autonomous Educational Institution of the Astrakhan Region of Higher Education «Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering», Astrakhan, Russia
Abstract. This article provides an analysis of the development of volunteer fire units in the Astrakhan region at the present stage. The relevance is determined by the fact that the participation of volunteers is a significant form of manifestation of the social activity of citizens. The definitions and basic requirements imposed by the legislation on a person carrying out volunteer activities, key issues of control and organization of this activity, as well as state measures to support voluntary fire brigades in the Russian Federation are considered. Based on the results of the work, proposals were substantiated and formed for the development of the volunteer movement of firefighters in the Astrakhan region, which are aimed at expanding the range of measures of state support for voluntary firefighters, partially simplifying the rules for registering volunteer firefighters in the state register, as well as changing the training program for future firefighters on the example of the Astrakhan State architectural and civil engineering university.
Key words: volunteers, fire protection, Astrakhan region, fire extinguishing, problems.
Alexander Velikanov, Alexander Pankov
Gothic as the Avant-Garde of Medieval Architecture
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Southweste State University», Kursk, Russia
Abstract. The article deals with the historical and cultural aspects of the formation of the Gothic style in European architecture. The problems of the specifics of style and its background are investigated. A brief historical sketch of the corresponding era, which in a complex gave rise to Gothic art, as well as the components of the Gothic style, is considered. In addition, some of the most striking examples and features of the most common technical means used by the Gothic on the way to finding its architectonic expression are considered in detail. For example, lancet arches and a frame system with a ribbed vault. The authors show the sequence of development of the corresponding methods and technical means of erecting the corresponding objects of urban architecture, which ultimately contributed to the formation of the Gothic style, which combined the architect’s creative fantasy directed to heaven and the technical innovations of the era.
Key words: architecture, Gothic, frame system, tectonics, style.
Wang Xianpeng, Sergey Leonovich
Technical Characteristics of Concrete with Non-Metallic Fibers
Belarusian National Technical University, Minsk, Belarus
Abstract. Concrete as a building material is widely used in the construction industry. Modern constructive forms and environments require greater strength and durability of concrete than ever before. This led to a major breakthrough in the technology of building materials – the emergence of fiber-reinforced concrete with non-metallic non-renewable fibers – fiberglass, basalt, carbon, nanofiber, etc., as well as non-metallic renewable plant fibers – coconut, corn, straw, cane and sisal. The properties of concrete with various types of non-metallic fibers are being studied by scientists around the world. The results of their research show that the use of non-renewable and renewable non-metallic fibers change the strength characteristics of concrete and its durability. In addition, plant fiber concrete is an energy-saving and cost-effective building material, the use of which makes a great contribution to environmental protection.
Key words: concrete, non-metallic fiber, strength, crack resistance, technical characteristics.
Nadezhda Raktovich, Amina Khamukova, Amir Temzokov
Lighting Solutions for Open Sports Grounds
State Autonomous Educational Institution of the Astrakhan Region of Higher Education «Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering», Astrakhan, Russia
Abstract. The work is aimed at studying the organization of public space lighting, including street sports grounds. These sites are essential for modern life, especially in urban areas. In order for these open spaces to be welcoming and feel safe for city residents to use them, they must be adequately lit. This is because lighting is critical for parks and open spaces as it can transform these spaces, going far beyond lighting and creating unique experiences for people. Rational lighting contributes not only to reducing the risk of injury, but also to attract people to sports. And sport, as you know, plays an important role in modern human life.
Key words: public spaces, lighting, open space.