Valery Bratchun, Vitaly Bespalov, Olga Narygnaya, Valentin Demeschkin,
Elina Radyukova
About the Appropriateness of the Activation of the Surface of a Mineral Concrete Powder on Organic Binders with Oligomers and Polymers
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Sorption of organic binders components on the surface of the mineral powder is difficult due to its hydrophilicity and the presence of air bubbles in deep grooves and capillaries, which prevent tight contact between the organic binder and the surface of the mineral powder and are potential foci of destruction. It is shown that the modification of the surface of a mineral powder with solutions of oligomers, polymers containing functional groups CO, COOH, NH2, NО2, for example, epoxy or urea-formaldehyde resins, polymer-containing wastes from the production of epoxy resins, will effectively regulate the adhesive-cohesive properties of tar and bitumen-polymer binder. A structurally hardened layer of an oligomer or polymer to increase the adhesion of a tar or bitumen-polymer binder to the surface of an activated mineral powder due to an increase in the contacts of segments of plasticized supramolecular formations of the polymer (polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polymer-containing wastes from the production of epoxy resins, etc.) with active centers of olives, diffuse centers, olives layer of oligomer, polymer and catenan-like structures.
Key words: tar-, bitumen-polymer binders, surface-activated with oligomer or polymer containing functional groups, mineral powder, tar-, asphalt-polymer concrete of increased durability.
Valery Bratchun, Vyacheslav Zhevanov, Evgeny Romasyuk, Dmitry Balev,
Bogdan Egorkin, Dmitry Kolpakov, Alexander Pustovoy
Designing the Composition of Wet Asphalt Polymer-Slag Concrete Characterized by the Optimal Combination of Coagulation-Crystallization Contacts
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Using the method of experimental-statistical modeling, the optimal concentration of the components of the wet asphalt-polymer slag concrete mixture was determined. It was found that the optimal ratio of components in the mixture in mass parts: screening of crushing of dump open-hearth slag – 100 %, burnt lime – 2%, liquefied bitumen modified with Butonal NS 198 latex (2 % wt.) – 8 %, mixing water – 14 %. It was found that wet asphalt slag concrete of optimized composition is characterized by the number of crystallization contacts 0,44. The compaction temperature range, which for wet asphalt-polymer slag concrete mixtures is 30…90 ° C, corresponds to the most compact arrangement of the particles of the mineral skeleton. The developed composition of wet asphalt-polymer slag concrete is characterized by sufficiently high deformation-strength and corrosive properties along with traditional hot fine-grained concrete. This indicates the expediency of their application for the current repair of the coatings of non-rigid road pavements of highways.
Key words: asphalt-polymer-slag concrete, structure, properties, patterns of structure formation.
Tatyana Kitsenko, Denis Malinin, Сatherine Timoshenko
Optimization of the Composition of Aluminosilicate Binders Based on Chamotte-Kaolin Dust
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. It is established that a mixture of chamotte-kaolin dust can be an effective substitute for thermally activated kaolin as a hardener for liquid-glass fireclay binders. Studies have shown that chamotte-kaolin dust, when introduced into the composition of aluminosilicate liquid-glass binders, exhibits a structure-forming ability under normal hardening conditions. Drying of the binder samples leads to a significant increase in compressive strength. Statistical processing of the results of an experiment to optimize the characteristics of liquid glass introduced into the composition of refractory aluminosilicate binders based on chamotte-kaolin dust is performed. Statistical processing of experimental data showed that the optimal characteristics of liquid glass in aluminum-silicate binders are: silicate modulus in the range of 1.0–1.5, and density from 1.25 to 1.30 g/cm3.
Key words: sodium silicate, refractory binders, liquid glass, density, silicate module, chamotte-kaolin dust.
Valentina Kibzun, Nina Nagornaya
Segmentation of Consumers of fur Products in a Commercial Enterprise and Forecasting Demand for them
State Organization of Higher Professional Education «Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky»
Abstract. The purpose of the work is to improve the methods of forecasting the economic indicators of a trading enterprise. An economic and mathematical model of the formation of demand for fur products is proposed. This model is built in the form of regression equations – one and multivariate variables. In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of the forecasted economic indicators of the enterprise was carried out and a model of the demand for fur products was built in the form of an equation for the relationship between their turnover and the amount (consumption) of each type of fur product and its price. When forecasting the demand for fur products, polynomial and linear equations were used. A simulation model was also used, which allows predicting and analyzing the dynamics of possible situations in the future and evaluating the consequences of tested strategies in order to find the optimal one. This allows you to purposefully influence the system and control the processes taking place in it. The effectiveness of the method of expert estimates for assessing the volume of demand is shown. A block diagram of economic and mathematical modeling of population demand for a specific product is proposed.
Key words: demand, consumer segmentation, fur products, degree of satisfaction of needs.
Yuriy Kochergin, Viktoriya Zolotareva
Structure and Properties of a Mixture of an Epoxy Polymer with a Block Copolymer Polybutylene Terephthalate-Poly-tetramethylene Oxide
State Organization of Higher Professional Education «Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade»
Abstract. The influence of a modifying thermoelastoplast additive on the deformation and strength properties of epoxy composites was studied over a wide temperature range. A two-block polybutyleneterephthalate-polytetramethylene oxide (PBT-PTMO) copolymer with a molecular weight of 35 thousand and a content of elastomeric PTMO blocks of 70 mass. % and rigid blocks of PBT 30 mass. % was used as a thermoelastoplast. It is established that the modified polymer with a PBT-PTMO content of up to 10 wt. h. is characterized by a higher glass transition temperature. It is shown that in the glassy state of polymers, the tensile strength values for the initial and modified samples are almost identical, and in the highly elastic state the strength of the modified epoxy is significantly higher than that of the unmodified one. The formation of separate phases formed by elastomeric and rigid blocks in an epoxy matrix was determined by electron microscopy. It is shown that the addition of PBT-PTMO to epoxy polymers leads to an increase in the destruction work of the material, increases their impact, heat, frost and chemical resistance without reducing the strength and modulus of resistance.
Key words: epoxy polymer, thermoelastoplast, polybutylene terephthalate-polytetramethylene oxide block copolymer, modification, structure, deformation and strength properties.
Konstantin Guba a, Vladislav Kulikov b, Eldar Gabidulin b, Natalya Kovshik b, Alexander Gurin b, Sergei Borisov b
Analysis of Methods for Modifying Organic Binder
a Automobile and Road Institute «Donetsk National Technical University», b Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. One of the main tasks in the field of road construction materials science is the search for new materials that will improve the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete and thereby increase the service life of non-rigid road clothes. An increase in the service life of road surfaces will lead to a decrease in the costs of their maintenance and repair. Numerous studies have established that improving the quality of asphalt concrete can be achieved by improving the physical and mechanical properties of the organic binder. The analysis of methods for modifying oil road bitumen is carried out. It has been established that there are two effective methods for modifying an organic binder, technological and recipe. Prescription methods have been proven to be the most effective. The classification of modifying additives for oil road bitumen is given. It has been proven that one of the most effective ways of modifying organic binders is the introduction of surfactants into their composition.
Key words: asphalt concrete, additives, methods of modifying asphalt concrete, classification, bitumen.
Helen Samojlova, Valery Bratchun, Denis Gulyak, Anatoliy Dolya
The Likely Chemical Processes in the Bitumen with its Modifications by «Elvaloy AM» in the Presence Polyphosphorous Acid
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article is devoted to the study of the reactions of bitumen components with the modifier termopolymer «Elvaloy AM» and polyphosphoric acid (PFC) as a powerful dehydrating and condensing agent. As a result of these reactions, the efficiency of modifying bitumen with Elvaloy AM using polyphosphoric acid (PFC) increases. Bitumen is a complex system of oils, resins, asphaltenes, carbenes and carbides. Polycyclic aromatic and naphthenic structures of resins and asphaltenes contain a certain number of heterocycles (S, N). Resins include asphaltic and carboxylic acids and their anhydrides up to
1 %. Small amounts contain carbonyl, ester, hydroxyl and amino groups. «Elvaloy AM» – termopolymer of ethylene glycidylacrylate, contains 5 % of epoxy groups (determined in chloroform solution according to DSTU 2093-92 «Epoxy-dianovi neotverzheni resins»). The manufacturer (Dupont, USA) does not give the characteristics of the termopolymer. Based on the name and content of the epoxy groups, he article presents a structural fragment of «Elvaloy AM» and a methacrylate fragment due to the availability of glycidyl methacrylate, which is produced on an industrial scale.
Key words: bitumen, modifier termopolymer «Elvaloy AM», glycidyl methacrylate, polyphosphoric acid, esterification, condensation, alcoholization, polymerization, dehydration, epoxy groups, radicals, bituminous polymer binder (BPВ).
Anastasia Zagorodnyaya
On Complex Modification of Asphalt Concrete Microstructure by Divinyl-Styrene Thermoelastoplastic
SEI HE LPR «Lugansk State University named after Volodymyr Dahl»
Abstract. Results of study of stability in process storage of bitumen-polymer binders based on divinyl-styrene copolymer and ethylene glycidyl methacrylate are given. It has been found that an increase in polymer content leads to a loss of stability of the bitumen-polymer binder, while there is a concentration of polymer to which the modified bitumen retains relatively high stability, due to the mechanisms of their aggregative and sedimentation stability. The data obtained confirm the existence of a relationship between the stability of the polymer-bitumen binder and the brand, and therefore the consistency, of the initial bitumen. Polymer-bitumen binders modified with 2% Elvala AM and 3% DST 30-01, structured with 30% technical sulfur, have proved to be the highest stability. The stability of BMP depends on the consistency of the original bitumen and decreases with the use of bitumen of lower penetration (and a higher softening temperature). The introduction of the polymer leads to an increase in the viscosity of BMP in the range of technological temperatures, the greater, the higher the polymer concentration and the higher the consistency of bitumen.
Key words: bitumen-polymer binder, stability, penetration, softening point, elasticity.
Elena Egorova, Ekaterina Boroday, Karina Korchagina, Maxim Vodolad,
Maxim Voronenko
Self-Compacting Concrete with a Complex Additive Based on Industrial Waste from Donbass
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The paper investigates the effect of a complex additive consisting of a viscosity modifier and a superplasticizer on the rheological properties of self-compacting concrete mixtures and the physical and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete. The ash and slag mixture of Zuevskaya TPP was used as a mineral filler. All studied compositions of concrete mixes had rather high values of mobility. It has been established that the use of an ash and slag mixture as a mineral filler and the introduction of a complex additive into the composition of self-compacting concretes increases the strength characteristics both in the early and later periods of hardening. Consequently, no incompatibility of the used viscosity modifier and superplasticizer and their joint negative effect on the studied properties of self-compacting concrete mixtures and concretes was noted. It is possible to recommend the use of self-compacting concrete mixtures of the studied compositions for the manufacture of unreinforced or low-reinforced concrete structures.
Key words: self-compacting concrete, mobility, strength, viscosity modifier, super plasticizer.
Oleg Pshenichnykh, Alla Pozhidaeva, Daniil Mikhailyuk, Alexander Rakulenko, Rodion Sereda
Reinforcement of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures with Synthetic Fibers
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article analyzes the effective methods of dispersed reinforcement of road asphalt concrete mixtures taking into account the properties of reinforcing polymer fibers in the countries of the European Union, the United States of America, Canada and the Russian Federation. The disadvantages and advantages of the existing methods of dispersed reinforcement of asphalt concrete mixtures are indicated. It is shown that, for example, for the most uniform distribution of polypropylene fibers, it is advisable to introduce fibers into a mixer with a ready-made asphalt concrete mixture for 5–10 seconds. A comparative analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of the most common types of fibers: polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and glass fiber has been carried out. It has been established that dispersed reinforcement of asphalt concrete with fiberglass makes it possible to increase fatigue life by 40…50 % when exposed to large standard loads.
Key words: asphalt concrete, synthetic fibers, glass fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, methods of dispersed reinforcement.
Svetlana Frolova, Oksana Sobol, Aleksandr Sobolev
Determination of the Kinetic Parameters of Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Crystallization of Bismuth from Thermograms
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Based on the bismuth thermograms, obtained during quasi-equilibrium (QEC) and nonequilibrium-explosive (NEC) crystallizations, the processes of melting and crystallization (with QEC) were investigated; nucleation, coagulation and isothermal recrystallization (at NEC). Thermokinetic parameters determined directly from the heating-cooling curves (times of melting tL0 and crystallization tS0, heating heat and cooling rates vcool, etc.) were found, been used to calculate the rate of mass crystallization vS, the temperature rate of explosive crystallization w, the fraction of nuclei in a supercooled melt a, fraction b of the coagulated melt during time t2, etc.). A significant difference in the parameters of crystallization of the QEC and NEC type was established, associated with the fact that the stage of nucleation and coagulation practically disappears for QEC.
Key words: bismuth, thermal analysis, overheating, crystallization, supercooling, nucleation, crystal-lization time, crystallization rate.
Vitaly Bespalov, Andrei Kuzminykh, Vladislav Maksyuchenko,
Stanislav Maksyuchenko, Demyan Belinsky
Weather Resistance of Complex-Modified Asphalt-Polymer Concretes
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Asphalt concrete in road surfaces is exposed to static and dynamic loads from passing vehicles, the influence of weather factors and, above all, in the climatic conditions of the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Russian Federation, high temperatures, ultraviolet, radiation and infrared irradiation, the action of air oxygen, alternate freezing. thawing, long-term water saturation. In the process of production, thermostating in thermal bins, transportation to the place of laying in pavement layers and under operating conditions in the pavement of a non-rigid road pavement, concrete mixtures and concrete prepared on organic binders are subject to aging. The main external factors that determine the irreversible change in the properties of asphalt concrete are temperature, penetrating radiation, ultraviolet spectrum of the sun, air oxygen, moisture, aggressive chemicals, etc., and internal factors: the structural-rheological type and consistency of oil road bitumen, chemical and mineralogical composition of mineral components asphalt concrete, type of granulometry, structure and texture of concrete [1–16]. This leads to the fact that the service life of the asphalt concrete pavements of the highways of the Donetsk People’s Republic is only 5–7 years instead of 12 before major repairs.
Key words: asphalt concrete with a complex-modified structure, service life of asphalt concrete pavements of highways, thermal aging coefficient, frost resistance coefficient, long-term water resistance coefficient.
Vitaly Bespalov, Oleg Blednov, Alexander Dzuba, Vladislav Kichigin,
Vladislav Fishchuk, Igor Skoda
Modified Organic Binders With The Use Of Secondary Cubic Residue Of Phenolic-Acetone Production
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Road construction is one of the largest consumers of building materials, the cost of which is more than half of the cost of construction [1, 2]. To ensure the accelerated development of the road network, increase the scale of reconstruction and repair of existing roads, there is a need to increase the production of road construction materials, improve their quality, create special types of building materials with the maximum use of local materials and by-products of industry, including among the widespread use of secondary bottoms of phenol-acetone production (VKOFAP). It was shown in [3] that an effective way to improve the properties of VKOFAP is to modify them by screening polyvinyl chloride from a solution in anthracene oil. At the same time, information about the composition and thermal characteristics of VKOFAP, as well as about the interaction processes in the modified composite organic binder, are not studied.
Key words: secondary bottoms of phenol-acetone production, polyvinyl chloride, oil road bitumen, compounded organic binder, experiment planning.
Svetlana Sokhina, Olga Shevchenko, Elena Mukonina
On the Possibility of Using Nitro-, Amino-Containing Resinous Waste in the Preparation of a Metal Surface for Painting
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Resinous waste of organic synthesis of the Crimean plant «Himprom», containing inhibiting the corrosion process of amino and nitro groups, can be used as etching additives in the preparation of the metal surface for painting with the use of etching in hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. The inhibition of the corrosion process, studied by the potentiostatic method on the P5827M potentiostat and by the gravimetric method, is manifested in the concentration range of 0.28…0.44 wt. % in a solution of hydrochloric acid and 0.035…0.550 wt.%. in a 1h solution of sulfuric acid, the protective effect is 70 %. At the same time, the studied waste belongs to the mixed-type inhibitors under mixed control, since there is an increase in polarizability at the anode and cathode sites of corrosion processes. The use of inhibitory resinous waste as pickling additives involves precise control of their concentration, both at the upper and lower limits of a certain interval, since these additives can be characterized as «dangerous» inhibitors, i. e., depending on the concentration, they can both inhibit and stimulate (catalyze) iron corrosion. Recycling of the considered waste into inhibitory additives of pickling solutions will improve the environmental cleanliness of production.
Key words: acid etching inhibitors, potentiostatic studies, utilization of amino-nitro-containing resinous wastes of chemical production.
Nataliya Shchebetovskaya, Olena Pokyntelytsia, Olga Aleksandrova
Thermophysical Features of Melting and Crystallization of Organic Heat-Accumulating Materials
Donbas National Academy of Construction and Architecture
Abstract. In this paper, based on the analysis of recent studies and publications, the basic principles of the development of heat-storage materials based on phase transition processes are outlined in a brief form. Information on the thermophysical characteristics of various low-molecular organic compounds and their mixtures, which are best suited for heat-accumulating materials, is given. For the successful use of organic substances in heat accumulators, in-depth systematic studies of their thermophysical characteristics and features of phase transformations of the melting-crystallization type have been carried out. A summary table has been compiled for the decreasing degree of usefulness of heat storage materials. A one-way analysis of variance was applied to determine the most promising substance for efficient and rational use of a heat accumulator to maintain a normal room temperature. With the help of the application package «Exсel» the factor that has the smallest variance of measurement errors was selected. As a result, the most suitable organic compound was dibenzyl. For the selected heat-accumulating material, the dependence of the degree of utility on physical properties has been established.
Key words: heat storage materials, phase transitions, melting, crystallization, one-way analysis of variance, thermal analysis, overcooling.
Denis Borodai, Oleg Semenov, Vladimir Fedotov, Vitaliy Luchkov
Opportunities for Using the BIM-Technology for Operated Road Bridges
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The paper analyzes the problem of managing the technical condition of road bridges in operation. It is shown that at least 7 % of the bridges on the roads of the local network are in an emergency or pre-emergency condition. It is proposed to use the BIM-technology in order to optimize the management decision-making process in conditions of insufficient up-to-date information on the technical condition of road bridges in operation. For existing bridges, it is proposed to use the technology of creating digital counterpart of structures. A description of the technology of digital twins of construction objects is given. Recommendations are given on the use of digital twins in solving problems in the field of operation of road bridges.
Key words: road bridge operation, bridge technical condition management, BIM-technology, digital counterpart.
Denis Borodai, Bogdan Tokmakov, Vladimir Gelbet, Olesya Zubchenko
Russian Experience in Applying the BIM-Technology on the Road Infrastructure Facilities
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The paper analyzes the experience of using BIM-technology on the territory of the Russian Federation at various stages of the life cycle of road infrastructure objects. The main problems of the practical implementation of BIM-technology in the road industry are analyzed. A review of the normative and technical literature on the use of BIM-technology in road construction is performed. Modern aspects of regulatory and technical regulation of information modeling in the road industry are considered. It is established that the existing normative and technical documents on information modeling do not take into account the specifics of the design and construction of highways as linear objects. The review of road objects with the practical implementation of BIM-technology is carried out. It is established that the implementation of pilot BIM projects in the road industry is limited to the development and use of road information models at the design stage.
Key words: road, life-cycle, BIM-technology, road computer-aided design system.