Tatyana Vavilonskaya
Urban Planning Science in the XXI Century
Samara State Technical University
Abstract. The scientific work is devoted to the development of the concept of the evolution of the urban planning paradigm in the science of the XXI century. It is proved that during the transition from an industrial society to a post-industrial one, from modernism to postmodernism, the paradigm of a functional city for machines was replaced by the paradigm of a mosaic city for people, and the transition from the development of strategies and concepts in urban planning to pragmatic design within the framework of projects and programs was realized. The scale of urban planning tasks is decreasing. The key problems of modern urban scientific thought in the XXI century are identified, among which are: the intellectualization of cities, the creation of a comfortable environment, the provision of affordable and comfortable housing, the identity of cities, «green» urban planning, interaction with the natural and cultural context, the search for alternative urban planning systems, etc. The inertia of the urban planning paradigm is revealed, when the old tools of standardization and typing are used to solve new problems.
Key words: urban planning paradigm, urban planner’s mission, city model, actual problems of urban planning science.
Hafizulla Benai, Natalia Smirnova, Natalia Kharkovskaya
The Influence of Industry on the Formation of the Principles of Compositional Reorganization of Urban Planning Formations in Donbas Cities
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article examines the basic principles of the influence of industrial enterprises on the compositional reorganization of urban formations in the cities of Donbas. Using the architecture of industrial cities as an example, the author examines the dependence of the territorial development of the city planning structure on the location of leading industrial buildings and structures, as well as the experience of using compositional techniques and means related to the regional and traditional themes of the city in the architecture of buildings and structures. In this paper, the town-planning formations of the Donbas cities are considered by the authors in two aspects – as a composition of the plan and as a spatial, visually perceived composition of urban development and open spaces. Under the concept of «compositional reorganization of urban planning formations» in the research, the authors consider a complex of elements, including: the volumetric-spatial frame of the city formed by a complex of buildings, structures and volumes of landscaping and landscaping, open spaces, color schemes of spatial planes, individuality of architectural details and elements of improvement. The study is based on the analysis of complex solutions for the reorganization of the urban environment, formed using the method of viewpoints. A generalized description of the current state of the environment of Donbas cities is given, compositional-spatial reserves of the development of the territory of the urban environment are revealed.
Key words: urban planning, reorganization, industrial city, compositional and artistic solution.
Hafizula Benai, Kristina Romanova
Principles of Architectural and Spatial Organization of Buildings and Structures of Media Centers and Methods of Implementation
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article discusses the principles of the architectural and spatial organization of buildings and structures of media centers, including recommendations and implementation techniques. This work is the development of solutions to the problems of organizing media education in our country, which is associated with the formation and implementation of a new type of cultural institution – a media center, in the construction practice, defining its typological properties and characteristics. The implementation of the identified principles will provide optimal comfortable conditions for organizing leisure, work and learning in a modern information society. This article discusses the main problems facing the architect when designing such kind of objects. Special emphasis is placed on the study and formation of a certain base of requirements for the future design and construction of objects of this type. The basic principles and techniques that have developed and are relevant for media objects today are formulated. The world experience in designing media objects for various functional purposes was taken as the basis for studying the techniques in the design of media centers. When analyzing and identifying problems associated with the development of recommendations for the design of objects of this type, both the fundamental concepts and the actual methods of implementing the new time are considered.
Key words: media center, media object, modern architecture, principles of architectural and spatial organization, architectural analysis, architectural techniques, media technologies.
Nickolay Sholukh, Alexey Babenko
Use of Disturbed Lands in an Industrial City
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article is devoted to the problem of using disturbed lands in an industrial city. The issue of using waste dumps of inactive mines for recreational purposes is considered, which is relevant for the Donetsk region as a large industrial center. This article highlights the main directions of improving the ecological state of Donetsk through the development and reclamation of disturbed territories. The lands under industrial waste are contaminated not only with heavy metals, but also with toxic substances of atmospheric emissions from enterprises, the number of which is especially large in large industrial cities, therefore, a choice was made on the direction of using disturbed urban lands, which is carried out taking into account the state of urban planning, the ecological situation and climatic conditions. At the same time, it is possible to bring not only the territory to its original form, but also to obtain a relief with the given parameters. Various ways of solving the problem of development of recreational lands from the point of view of not only their rational use, but also improvement of the ecological situation in the region are presented. The issue of justifying the return to economic circulation of land plots under the waste dumps of inactive mines for recreational purposes is disclosed.
Key words: waste dumps, disturbed territories, recreational zones, recultivation, reclamation.
Evgeniy Gayvoronskiy, Daria Dzherelei
Formation and Development of Architecture of Buildings, Structures, their Complexes with Underground Structures in the Cities of Donbas
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of an important scientific and practical problem of substantiating the concept of the formation and development of architecture of buildings, structures, their complexes with underground structures in the cities of Donbas. A comprehensive and systematic study, understanding and consideration of the bi-spatial specifics of this category of objects gives a powerful impetus to the development of modern architectural theory and practice, individual characteristics of the architecture of cities in the region, where the development of underground space is one of the historically established and most significant features of important socio-cultural significance, which is expressed in the heraldry of cities, toponymy, art, literature and poetry, media materials, advertising and commercial activities on the territory of Donbas. The relevance of the study is formulated, its goal and objectives are set: using the structural and systemic research methodology, to develop conceptual principles and techniques for the architectural formation and development of buildings and structures, their complexes with underground structures in the cities of the Donetsk region at all levels of their architectural and planning organization. The concepts of «tectonics of interaction between underground and ground spaces» and «compositional and artistic development of underground space», which have fundamental socio-cultural, philosophical, symbolic and regional-style significance for the architecture of Donbas cities, will receive further scientific and practical development.
Key words: architecture of buildings and structures, their complexes, cities of Donbas, underground structures, regional features, structural and system approach.
Niсkolay Sholukh, Veronika Pundik, Ekaterina Satsura
Features of Landscaping and Improvement of the Territory of Industrial Enterprises, Providing for the Organization of Places of Employment for Visually Impaired People: an Analysis of World Practice
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article examines the advanced trends and trends in the field of landscaping and landscaping of industrial areas or people with visual disabilities that allow employment. Based on the specifics of this category of disabled people due to its special needs, some foreign approaches and techniques in landscaping and landscaping of industrial enterprises, as well as social centers and specialized educational institutions, providing for the implementation of certain production functions with the participation of such people, are considered. It is shown that some elements of landscaping and engineering and technical development of territories can play a very significant role in facilitating the conditions of spatial orientation and movement of visually impaired people, as well as in the most positive way to influence their psycho-emotional and physical state. Based on the results of the performed analytical review, it is concluded that it is possible and advisable to use some techniques and elements of landscaping and landscaping as an auxiliary means of spatial orientation and movement of persons with visual disabilities, as well as as a means of forming a favorable environment for these categories of people.
Key words: visually impaired, psychophysiological specifics, places of employment, industrial enterprises and other objects with production functions, architectural and landscape organization of the territory, sensory elements of landscaping and landscaping, convenience of spatial orientation and movement, favorable environment, social and economic impact.
Raisa Lipuga, Daria Melnik
Connection of the Interior Spaces of the Building with the External Environment
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of the connection between the internal spaces of modern buildings and the external environment. Comprehensive research has been carried out, features of the design of interior architectural spaces of interiors in public buildings have been studied. To determine them, the methods of theoretical-analytical and comparison were used. The methods of constructing the volumetric form of a building based on the system of its internal spaces, grouping the volumes of the building are identified The problems of interconnection of the interior spaces of modern buildings with the external environment have been investigated. On the basis of this, the principles of taking into account the functional significance of the objects under study and the unity of the composition are formulated. The main principles and requirements for the formation of a subject-spatial environment in the design of public buildings are indicated and formulated. The article studies the design features of interior architectural spaces of interiors in public buildings, highlights the basic principles of creating an artificial interior space.
Key words: internal and external space, form, structure, volumetric-spatial composition.
Raisa Lipuga, Daria Suslenkova
Domestic Experience in the Development of the Architecture of Commercial Buildings in the XVII–XXI Centuries
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article examines the main trends and factors of evolution in the domestic architecture of commercial buildings and complexes in order to determine the architectural significance of buildings and the prospects for preserving their original function, and in exceptional cases, their further development. Comprehensive studies of the preserved and lost commercial structures of Little Russia were carried out in order to determine the typology of buildings and to identify regional architectural and planning and volumetric spatial features in them. Many types of trade structures have been identified, their history of appearance and conditions of formation have been studied. Ways of transforming existing buildings and constructing new ones are presented. The article reflects the relevance of the transformation of shopping facilities in accordance with modern socio-economic requirements, presents various ways to solve the problem of transforming commercial buildings and structures, taking into account not only their new construction, but also the reconstruction of existing buildings without changing the function, as well as the reconstruction of buildings that had a non-commercial function. To identify the regional features of the architecture of trade buildings, the following methods were used: theoretical and analytical, comparative, historical, genesis and cultural analysis and analogy.
Key words: commercial buildings, typology, architecture, evolution.
Igor Lobov, Alina Yahina
Current Trends in the Architectural Environment of Intra-Residential Spaces
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article analyzes the main prerequisites that have an impact on the formation of recreational areas of the city. In the process of writing the article, the main factors in the formation of existing recreational areas were identified, as well as the established approaches to intra-quarter residential spaces. To analyze the main prerequisites and identify the factors of the formation of intra-block residential spaces, the following are considered: the current planning structure, socio-demographic trends in the context of changes in the composition of the population and socio-ecological. The features of the principles of the formation of the architectural environment of intra-residential spaces are highlighted, taking into account the modern requirements that are imposed on objects of this type. Additionally, theoretical and experimental methods and ways of organizing architectural environments have been studied. Analysis of foreign and domestic experience made it possible to identify the main problems in the reconstruction of residential buildings. The analyzed material made it possible to identify the principles of the formation of the architectural environment of the quarter development. The publication also pays attention to the consideration of the existing legal and regulatory framework for the design of objects of local importance, as well as the analysis of this base in terms of compliance with modern requirements.
Key words: modern trends, living spaces, industrial potential of the city, composition, street panorama, mini-park, building compaction.
Igor Lobov, Anastasia Motina
Concept of Architectural and Urban Design of Scientific Research Centers of Disaster Medicine
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The research work is devoted to the development of the concept of architecture and urban planning of medical scientific and research centers. Taking into account the specifics of this time and the environment in which our city is located, we can conclude that a medical research center is necessary for the comprehensive development of healthcare as an industry operating in our region. The main feature of disaster medicine is the solution of life and health problems not for an individual patient, but for large groups of patients. Disaster medicine is a branch of medicine that constitutes a system of scientific knowledge and a sphere of practical activity aimed at preserving the health of the population in crisis situations. Mobility, maneuverability and constant readiness of formations and institutions to work in emergency situations is ensured by the presence of mobile medical units that are in constant working capacity; regular training of all personnel and their high professionalism; the use of modern high-speed vehicles to support the forces and means of rescue services and the evacuation of the wounded; storage of property and medicines; improvement of the communication and warning system, which ensures timely receipt of information about emergency situations, the current situation and the operational use of forces and means of the disaster medicine service.
Key words: disaster medicine, landscaping, landscaping, park, territory, plants, trees, green spaces, medical institutions.
Timur Radionov, Marina Otkidach
Modern Trends in the Development of Architecture of Buildings and Structures of Secondary Schools to be Reconstructed
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the consideration of modern directions of development of architecture of buildings and constructions of secondary schools which are subject to reconstruction. Priority approaches in the development of design solutions in the field of reconstruction of school buildings, based on modern architectural trends that determine the nature of the formation of the innovative environment of modern secondary schools, are investigated. Conclusions have been made about the necessity of development of new tendencies and new approaches to carry out cardinal changes of existing tendencies in the design of multifunctional school buildings. The concept of architecture of school buildings and structures subject to reconstruction is proposed for development, based on the assessment of the possibility of adapting existing school buildings to new conditions and their subsequent transformation into new types and types of educational institutions. A modern methodological formula for the use of space is formulated and proposed, taking into account the latest trends in the field of reconstruction of school buildings.
Key words: modern architecture, new generation school buildings, concept, reconstruction, modern approaches to design, the transformation of the architectural environment.
Timur Radionov, Stanislav Vashchinsky, Irina Dikaya
Scientific and Practical Basis of Architectural-Typological Development of Children’s Cancer Complexes in the Cities of Donbas
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article analyzes the typological features of buildings of specialized medical institutions using examples from domestic and world construction experience, and also considers the problem of forming the scientific and practical foundations of the architectural and typological development of children’s oncological complexes, as a qualitatively new environment for the treatment, diagnosis and rehabilitation of children with cancer. The article examines the history of the development of oncological care for children in specialized medical institutions, the development and change in the architectural typology of domestic and foreign specialized hospitals over a long period of time. Functional and architectural-planning features have been investigated, and theoretical approaches have been formulated in the field of designing children’s oncological complexes, taking into account age-related characteristics. The main scientific and practical foundations of the architectural and typological development of children’s oncological complexes have been identified and formed. Today, in the modern world, the architectural typology requires further development, changes, which is relevant and necessary in the organization of the space of specialized children’s medical institutions that require improvement in connection with the development of technological progress in the medical industry. The architect’s task is to create a comfortable environment for children with cancer, the conditions of stay in which, at the physical and psychological level, were harmonious and as effective as possible, taking into account the psychological perception of the sick child.
Key words: pediatric oncology, typology, quality environment, integrated development, architectural and typological features, planning, harmony.
Stanislav Vaschinsky, Anna Maksanova
Modern Architectural Approaches During the Reconstruction of Residential Buildings in the Cities of the Donetsk Region
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The scientific work is devoted to the study and solution of issues of modern architectural approaches in the reconstruction of residential buildings. The features of the reconstruction and modernization of the housing stock in foreign and domestic experience are considered. The methods of complex reconstruction of buildings with an extension of volumes in a two-storey superstructure, the transformation of low-rise buildings with redevelopment of premises, the distinctive features of work during the reconstruction of residential buildings, bypassing the resettlement of residents, have been studied. Technological processes for the reconstruction of buildings with the widening of the buildings, as well as with the superstructure of the floors. The analysis of the reconstructed buildings with the superstructure of the «Flamingo» system and other innovative volumetric-structural superstructure schemes is presented. The considered technology for the reconstruction of buildings without resettling the tenants requires the development of projects for the production of work with ensuring the safety of construction processes. The work identified three main modern architectural approaches to the reconstruction and modernization of buildings. The main components of an attractive architectural and spatial environment of the housing stock have been identified.
Key words: buildings and structures, integrated development, comprehensive reconstruction, structural scheme, loggias, low-rise buildings, attic, approaches, reconstruction, improvement.
Ludmila Bogak, Aleksandr Kholostenko
On the Issue of the Cost of Real Estate for Tax Purposes in Ukraine and Russia
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article discusses the issue of determining the value of real estate for tax purposes. Since land is a means of production and a spatial basis, a production resource and a location for any kind of activity, this article discusses options for assessing land according to the normative monetary value in Ukraine and cadastral valuation in Russia, analyzes the process of land market development and the possibility of using market data in poor developed market. The approaches and methods of assessing land plots are compared when performing the normative monetary and cadastral valuation according to the Ukrainian and Russian regulatory framework. As a result of the study, the positive and negative aspects of the considered methods of land valuation and cases of using their results were revealed.
Key words: normative monetary valuation, cadastral valuation, approaches and methods of valuation, income approach, capitalized land rent.
Oksana Knyazhik, Evgeny Odinochkin
Progressive Methods of Compositional Formation of Recreational Areas on the Example of World Design Experience
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article examines the main methods of compositional formation of recreation sites on the example of domestic and foreign design experience. The analysis of the existing most progressive and large recreational zones in different cities is carried out in order to identify the main patterns of the formation of the composition of the projected territory. For the analysis, objects that are diametrically opposite in organization and design solution were selected, located on the territory of different states, each of which has its own mentality, characteristics, culture and traditions. As a result of the work done, regularities in the design of areas of short-term rest were revealed, and the main differences in approaches to organizing space were found. As a conclusion to the work done, recommendations are given regarding the possibility of using compositional solutions in the world design experience for the development of recreational areas in the Donetsk region.
Key words: short-term rest, world and domestic design experience, Donbass, modern park, composition formation, landscape, recreational zone, trends, resources, urban planning, urban planning and compositional techniques.
Larisa Dukina
Innovative Approaches in the Field of Architectural and Functional Organization of Scientific and Educational Center
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article discusses scientific and practical research, which made it possible to identify and formulate innovative approaches in the field of architectural and functional organization of scientific and educational centers. The existing approaches that determine the nature of the formation of the architecture of scientific and educational centers are studied and generalized. The main principles and factors of the placement of scientific and educational centers in the city structure are considered. The optimal architectural and urban planning structure of such institutions, based on modern trends in the development of architectural solutions for buildings and structures of the type under study, is characterized. The main factors of the formation of the buildings of scientific and educational centers are formulated, and the features of the compositional and artistic solution of these research objects are also determined. The primary conditions for the formation of scientific and educational centers, which are important for the implementation of subsequent design and research solutions of the objects of the studied type, are determined. The world experience of SEC design is analyzed, which made it possible to identify the main modern trends of such facilities. It is established that scientific and educational centers represent a new spatial and architectural-shaped structure of educational and leisure institutions, combining various functional groups of spaces.
Key words: scientific and educational center (SEC), innovative technologies, science, education, innovative approaches, urban organization, volumetric-spatial solution, compositional and artistic solution, principles.
Yuliana Isaeva
Spatial and Environmental Organization of Coastal Territories of Recreation Zones
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article examines issues in the field of modern spatial and environmental organization of coastal areas. The main problems that can be encountered when designing objects in coastal recreational areas have been identified. A classification of embankments based on their configuration and interaction with the water area, as well as a typology of coastal regions, has been developed. The necessity of regulating the impact on coastal zones by humans has been substantiated. Methods for eliminating negative natural and anthropogenic factors that hinder the design of objects on the territory of this type of terrain have been identified. The article discusses the main functional areas and their organization. The territories of the embankments are classified, their configuration and interaction with the water area are determined. The basic principles of the implementation of the planning organization of the coastal territory are revealed.
Key words: coastal areas, trends, classification, spatial and environmental organization, coastal landscape.
Elena Kaydalova
Modern Trends for Forming the Environment of Educational Institutions
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article examines the practice of designing and building modern secondary schools, as well as the need to rethink the material component of this process, a new look at the adoption of space-planning decisions of such institutions, based on modern urban planning and typological requirements for the organization of educational work, including number of the existing level of architectural and urban planning science. The emergence of new types of educational institutions: gymnasiums, lyceums, private schools, the introduction of in-depth study of certain subjects in ordinary schools, indicates that changes are taking place in the educational process, there is a massive reorganization. There are new methods of education, schools adjust the curriculum, adding new subjects. At the same time, the innovative educational process takes place in typical buildings inherited from the previous social system. There is a discrepancy between the educational process and its material shell. The article deals with the methodology of architectural design of general education institutions, based on the application of various methods and principles of space-planning construction of objects, taking into account the main progressive approaches and directions of harmonization of the architectural and spatial environment of buildings of general education institutions, as well as the need to form and create modern general education institutions, in order to develop functional diversity.
Key words: architectural and compositional solution, improvement, integration, harmonization, composition, innovation, space-planning solution.
Albina Konnikova
Architectural and Urban Planning Organization of Research Institutions in the Conditions of Complex Reconstruction
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the issues of urban planning analysis of the city’s territories. The purpose, main tasks and structure of architectural and urban planning analysis, as well as methods for assessing urban planning potential, which allow obtaining complete information about the state and prospects of development of urban areas, have been determined. The article deals with the problems of forming the architecture of research institutions; investigated the issues of their urban planning within the city; the relevance of the process of complex reconstruction of the urban area is determined; an architectural and urban planning analysis of the building site has been carried out. The conclusions of the study confirm the relevance of the reconstruction of urban areas in connection with the stable growth rate of the population and its demands for the architectural and urban planning organization of objects. On the basis of global trends related to the modernization of the urban environment, the main problems and conditions for the implementation of reconstruction objects of a new type of research direction were studied. This publication proposes an architectural and urban planning algorithm for the formation of the architecture of research institutions to be reconstructed.
Key words: urban planning analysis, urban planning activity, complex process of reconstruction, goals, tasks, functions, architectural and urban planning techniques.
Ivan Kuzik
Architectural and Urban Planning Priorities in the Reconstruction of Open-Type Shopping Complexes
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article discusses the main architectural and urban planning priorities in the reconstruction of open-type shopping malls. An architectural and urban planning analysis of domestic and foreign experience in the design and construction of open-type shopping centers with further identification of patterns in solving this problem has been carried out. The main algorithm of actions for the reconstruction of buildings and structures of this typological group is derived. The main areas and directions that need a comprehensive reconstruction, including a rethinking of transport and pedestrian links, renovation of the volumetric planning solution and the expansion of the functional component, have been identified. New types of buildings and structures were identified to be located on the territories of modern open-type shopping complexes, for example, the integration of a multifunctional building into a shopping complex of an open complex, which will include entertainment, educational and commercial functions.
Key words: shopping complex, reconstruction, structure, architectural and planning organization, design code, transport and pedestrian connections, logistics, prerequisites, market.
Valeria Oprya
Principles of the Functional-Planning Organization of Railway Station Complexes in the Conditions of Reconstruction
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The scientific work is devoted to the formation of the principles of the functional planning organization of railway station complexes to be reconstructed. A whole list of problems that are identified in the process of their functioning is characterized. Currently, the flows of information communication are expanding, in this regard, the problems of the development of transport infrastructure are acquiring a significant role. The problem of modernization of the functional planning organization of the transport infrastructure as a whole, including railway station complexes, requires its solution. In modern realities, it is important to form a railway station complex as a transport hub consisting of several transport systems. The urgency of this problem is substantiated, as well as the need for reconstruction in the organization of historically formed railway station complexes with the current trend of the formation of railway station complexes as multifunctional objects. The article presents theoretical and experimental approaches that reflect the structure of the principles of the functional planning organization of railway station complexes in the context of reconstruction. The provisions of the functional planning organization, which are achieved in the conditions of reconstruction, have been determined. The universal principles characteristic of the general trends in the development of the architecture of railway stations at the present stage are formulated. The solutions to the problem of organizing transport and pedestrian connections and the solution by using multilevel tiers are proposed.
Key words: railway station complexes, functional planning organization of railway stations, communication principle, multifunctional facilities, reconstruction, hub.