Viktor Levchenko, Vladimir Krotuyk, Natalya Botsman, Bogdan Vinokurov
The Reinforced Concrete Structures Service Life Assessment and the Tasks of Supporting the Reliability of Buildings and Structures
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Durability issues are attracting noticeable and increasing attention in the construction sphere. This is due to the fact that a significant part of buildings, structures and infrastructure facilities were erected 50–70 years ago and are currently in a state of disrepair. The multifaceted problem of the durability of reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures is a combination of a number of interrelated issues: manufacturability, reliability, efficiency, as well as environmental aspects. Its solution should be carried out on the basis of a systematic approach. At the same time, the question of constructions durability is not widely investigated. The consideration is often limited by practical or even commercial levels. However, a number of issues need to be resolved for further progress. The development of modern methods for predicting the durability or service life of designed elements and structures is the one of the most important issues to be analyze. Another significant and urgent problem is the development of practical methods for increasing the durability of reinforced concrete structures of engineering structures in exploitation. Supporting the required level of durability and reliability of buildings and structures in the process of their exploitation is carried out by technical and organizational methods. The paper presents the general issues and the current level of this problem, including the fundamental design principals of the reinforced concrete structures durability and the existing methods for its assessment, concepts and criteria related to durability.
Key words: durability, reliability, correlation, modeling, no-failure operation, degradation.
Helen Rogovik, Vladimir Sokolyansky
Expediency For The Development Of A Rational Technology For The Production Of Composites Based On Cement Binders And Activated Mixing Water And Construction Products Based On Them, Which Have Increased Strength And Durability
The Civil Defence Academy of EMERCOM of DPR
Abstract. The paper considers ways to change the structure and properties of water used in the production technology of construction processes. The analysis of methods of mechanic and chemical activation of concrete mix binders is carried out. A study of previously proposed methods for preparing concrete mixtures using magnetically activated water has been carried out. A constructive diagram of an installation for the magnetic activation of mixing water is presented, a technological scheme for the production of a concrete mixture is proposed. The main regularities of the structure formation of building composites based on cement binders and activated aqueous solutions used for mixing concrete are considered, and the main physical and technical properties of mortar and concrete mixtures are investigated. Obviously, when the singing world of water is reached and stable positive results can be rejected, it is possible to reduce the cost of cement and water, reducing the triviality of thermological processing of virobates.
Key words: cement composites, concrete mix, mixing water, magnetic activation.
Eduard Savenko, Nikita Savenkov, Lilia Kovaleva
Research Of The Method Of Electrohydraulic Distribution When Restoring Parts Of Crank – Connecting Rod Mechanism
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article describes a method for restoring the piston pins of internal combustion engines through the use of the method of electro-hydraulic distribution. The degree of influence of the electrical parameters of this process on the amount of deformation of the piston pins is determined, depending on the material used for the product and the volume of hardening chemical-thermal treatment. To implement the method under consideration, it is necessary to have accurate information about the magnitude and nature of the distribution of wear on the piston pins and their working surfaces. The corresponding studies were carried out on the piston pins of the repair stock of diesel and spark engines of trucks. In relation to the well-known methods of recovery, for example, heat treatment and distribution with a rigid punch, the process considered in the article is characterized by lower residual stresses, higher quality and efficiency.
Key words: restoration, piston pin, electro-hydraulic expansion, wear, repair size, plastic deformation of metal, electromagnetic energy, energy of explosives.
Yulia Kаlpakova, Yegor Logachev, Nadezhda Burilo
Creating a Comfortable Aesthetic and Psychological Environment for People with Limited Mobility and Maintaining Equality Between Healthy People And People with Disabilities in Society
Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin)
Abstract. At the initial stage, the problems are identified and the relevance of the topic is determined. After reviewing the relevant literature, an analysis of the following nosology was carried out: perception of the blind and visually impaired, deaf and hearing impaired, as well as persons with disabilities with limited movement. Statistics are summed up based on surveys and the relevance and problems are clearly confirmed in a practical way. Based on the data obtained, the principles of architectural design of an inclusive environment of public spaces were proposed. For a clear demonstration of the proposed principles, a conceptual project of the art space «Ritual – return to the origins» is being developed. The prospects for the development of this topic are also demonstrated.
Key words: inclusive environment, public space, accessibility.
Iurii Kopets
Program-Targeted Approach to Waste Management
Institute of Construction, Architecture and Housing and Communal Services State Educational Institution Higher Education LPR «Lugansk State University named after V. Dahl»
Abstract. This article is devoted to the current problem of waste management. General concepts of solid household waste are given. In the course of the study, the analysis of the composition of solid waste was carried out. The dependence of the amount of garbage on various factors is considered. The modern aspects of the problem are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the sources of their formation, contributing to the constant growth of the amount of solid household waste. Instructions were given on the distribution of functions and responsibilities at the levels of state and municipal government at the republican and local levels. It is noted that in order to support the hierarchical system of waste management, it is advisable to create a special or give appropriate powers to an already existing executive body. In conclusion, recommendations are proposed for improving the system of payment and tariffication of services in the field of solid waste management.
Key words: municipal solid waste, ecology, utilization, utilization technology, utilization problem, environment.
Hafizula Benai, Tamara Zagoruiko, Natalya Kharkovskaya
Architectural and Typological Organization of Buildings of Research Centers in Conditions of Reconstruction
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. In the article provided by the authors, the main architectural and typological structure of buildings and complexes for research and innovation purposes is considered. The most optimal principles and provisions of the main directions and types of innovative activities that make up modern research institutions with diversified activities are characterized and determined. Buildings and structures of the research direction are ones of the most demanded types of workspaces that provide optimal conditions for the creation and implementation of various types of innovations based on the results of scientific research and generating significant changes in perfect architectural practice. The need to create research centers on the basis of non-functioning urban development facilities is dictated by the priority condition – to organize a research complex of state importance in order to develop innovative activities in the region.
Key words: research centers, formation, architectural approaches, reconstruction of buildings and structures, typology of buildings.
Victoria Mironova, Svetlana Marcikovskaya, Nina Sergeeva
On the Issue of Innovation Implementation in the Energy Complex of the Bryansk Region
Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology
Abstract. The article deals with important issues of activating the process of further technological development of the energy complex of the Bryansk region. The urgency of the problem lies in the need to implement a Strategic Plan for the development of the region, including the agro-industrial complex by opening production facilities for processing agricultural products. The limited energy resources of the scarce Bryansk region make it necessary to search for reserves and alternatives to reduce energy losses. During the study of the state of planning, construction and commissioning of outdoor lighting systems for public facilities, a high level of production and operating costs was revealed due to the low level of organizational and technological preparation of production. The article considers foreign experience in this issue, which is fundamental, as well as domestic experience. The authors, exploring ways and approaches to increase energy efficiency, express their own point of view on the choice of effective solutions for the further development of the energy complex.
Key words: energy complex, technologies, modernization, strategy, innovations, losses, alternatives of energy resources, technical and economic indicators.
Darya Rozdobutko, Zhanna Ivanova
Assessment of Methods of Protection of Buildings Located in Flooded Areas
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University
Abstract. One of the most frequent and destructive natural disasters around the world is flooding, causing significant damage and loss of life, exacerbating environmental problems. This article analyzes the causes of floods and their consequences. The issues of design and construction of buildings located in flooded and flooded areas, taking into account world practice, as well as the effectiveness of the use of existing technologies and means of protecting buildings from floods, which are becoming increasingly important, are considered. It is noted that the use of so-called traditional methods of protecting buildings from floods, such as, for example, dams, is necessary taking into account additional measures, including, for example, the development of new or updating existing building codes, zoning of the territory, etc., which are aimed at reducing the potential impact of floods on buildings, as well as to reduce the risk of economic and environmental losses and loss of life.
Key words: flooded areas, natural disasters, methods of building protection.
Tatyana Malyutina a, Ivan Davydenko b
Setting the Rotation Surface of the Circle Evolvent by the Moving Simplex Method
a Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, b PJSC «Avdiyivsky Metal Construction Details Plant»
Abstract. We consider the point equation of the involute, constructed according to the well-known graphical algorithm by the methods of BN-calculus (point calculus of Baluba-Naidysh). An example of a point setting of the surface of rotation of an involute of a circle is presented, based on the method of a moving simplex (MPS), with a generatrix in the form of an involute. The point shape was chosen because it allows the use of an arbitrary local two-dimensional simplex that defines the curve under consideration regardless of its position in space. For this, it is sufficient to have the coordinates of the vertices of the simplex. Also, such a form is easily implemented using a computer (for example, using the Maple software package). The method proposed in this article for constructing involutes on planes arbitrarily given in space by a simplex of points can take a worthy place in a number of existing traditional and innovative methods of such design.
Key words: point equation of involute, BN-calculus, surface of rotation of the involute of a circle, moving simplex method.
Viktor Nezdoyminov, Anastasia Mogukalo, Tamara Zagoruiko
Possibility of Using Excessive Active Sludge as Organomineral Fertilizer
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article discusses the existing approaches to the separation of heavy metal ions from excess activated sludge for its further use as an organic fertilizer. Research has been carried out to determine the content of heavy metal ions in the formed excess activated sludge from the Makeevka treatment facilities. There is no data on the migration of metal ions from precipitates treated with calcium oxide under the influence of rain and melt waters. Therefore, studies of the migration of ions of heavy metals, were carried out using the example of zinc, cuprum and iron, from untreated activated sludge, and treated with quicklime.
Key words: heavy metal ions, quicklime, migration, activated sludge, leaching.
Dmitrii Zavorotnyi, Uvarova Alexandra, Pankova Tatyana
Application of the «FlowVision» Software Complex for Simulation of Fluid Motion in Airlift Bioreactor-Clarifier
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article a analysis of the existing mathematical models of airlift bioreactors-clarifiers have been presented. The design and principle of operation of the investigated biological wastewater treatment facility are presented. A brief review of the application of computational fluid dynamics programs for the theoretical study of the motion of liquid and water-air flows in airlift biological reactors is carried out. Hydrodynamic parameters of flows in the airlift bioreactor-clarifier were calculated by a software package «FlowVision». The results of calculations in the absence of a load on the clarifier and a circulation rate of 200 m3/(m2·h) for various semi-empirical turbulence models are presented: standard «k-e» model, «quadratic k-e» model, SST-model, «k-e FlowVision» model. Has been determined the semi-empirical turbulent model, which most accurately characterizes the parameters of the eddy zone of the airlift bioreactor-clarifier.
Key words: airlift bioreactor, clarifier, computational fluid dynamics, turbulence model, waste water treatment.
Tukezban Cafar Hasanova, Tural Shakir Mammedli
Monitoring and Earthquake Engineering Studies of High-Rise Building from Data Acquisition of an Seismometric Station
Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction (AZUAC), Azerbaijan, Baku
Abstract. The free oscillations of the surface layers play a key role in the formation of oscillation processes of ground during of an earthquake.It is important to record of ground oscillations movement during earthquakes. A seismic wave propagating from the hypocenter of an earthquakes creates ground vibrations on the surface of the earth with the greatest period.It creates new oscillations of the construction on the ground. During earthquake the seismic waves propogates through the ground and the construction. Engineer-seismometric stations are equipped with an additional «wind-standby» mode, which is parallel to the main system. This system provides accurate information about the oscillatory motion of the observation object under strong winds by recording and provides the ability to analyze the building’s dynamic parameters depending on the intensity of the wind.
Key words: seismic wave, data acquisition, dynamic parameters, oscillations, seismoreceivers.
Nikolai Prishchenko, Tamara Chernysheva, Antonina Truskalova, Borys Nikandrov
Development of Construction and Acoustic Measures to Protect the Residential Area from the Noise of Shopping and Entertainment Complex
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of providing optimal protection from noise from the point of view of acoustics and economics of equipment for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems on the basis of acoustic calculation and selection of noise suppression systems. When evaluating and predicting the noise regime in the premises of residential buildings and when choosing the optimal complexes of construction and acoustic measures, standard methods of performing calculations and designing noise suppression systems are used. The main sources of noise of the shopping and entertainment complex «Donetsk-City – 2» are the ventilation and air conditioning systems located in the ventilation chambers No. 1–6 and on the roof of the building. Total revealed 77 noise sources. According to the technical documentation of the manufacturers, the noise characteristics of the equipment of the «Donetsk-City – 2» gas station were determined. Based on theoretical calculations, at four settlement points on the residential territory, the total sound levels exceed the standard values for the daytime by 0.9 dBA at the settlement point RT3, and at night at all settlement points from 3.6 to 9.8 dBA. In order to reduce the noise to the standard values, noise-proof design solutions (acoustic shelters and chamber silencers) have been developed for each source.
Key words: noise, noise mode, dB, dBA, noise-proof design solutions, acoustic shelters, chamber silencer.
Ekateryna Bryzhataya, Oleg Bryzhaty, Nikolay Maslo
Regulation of the Stress-Strain State of Structures of a Multi-Storey Frame Building on a Slab Foundation
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the stress-strain state of the elements of the frame of a multi-storey building when correcting the tilt with the use of various types of adjustable foundations. Finite-element models of a multi-storey building with structural measures of protection against the influence of excess tilts, which take into account the interaction of the structure with the deformable base and the construction of foundations with dimensions that change during the calculation, are developed. Technological schemes of building alignment are justified. At the same time, the schemes of lowering the less sagging parts of the building with the use of a regulating device of the «sandbox» type and lifting the more sagging parts of the building with the help of adjustable jacks were considered. A comparative analysis of the obtained results of the stress-strain state of building structures using various types of adjustable foundations is presented.
Key words: nonuniform deformation of the base, stress-strain state, tilt, correction of the tilt of the building, sandbox, adjustable jack.
Anton Tanasoglo, Sergii Bakayev, Serafim Fomenko, Kirill Kutaytsev,
Lyudmila Kozlova
Investigation of the Stress State of an Optimal Tower Cooling Tower with an Irrigation Area of 1 600 m2
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article provides an overview of the current state of the research topic; analysis of the features of collecting loads and calculating steel cooling towers according to domestic standards. The main combinations of loads are given, taking into account the duration of their impact on the cooling tower. The study of the dynamic properties of a steel cooling tower is carried out using finite element modeling, taking into account the variability of the parameters of the structural shape. The features of the dynamic effect of the wind are given, taking into account the forced (pulsational) and natural oscillations for the inadmissibility of resonance. Optimal design of a grid cooling tower with an irrigation area of 1 600 m2, taking into account the peculiarities of wind exposure. After performing the optimization calculation and taking into account the real model, solid-state modeling was performed in the PC «Tekla», as well as indications for the results of optimization are given.
Key words: analysis of load collection features, study of the dynamic properties of a steel cooling tower, optimal design of a lattice cooling tower.