Tatyana Anikanova, Tatyana Buryka, Anastasia Dyachenko
Assessment of the Dynamics of Building Construction in the Belgorod Region
Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G. Shukhov
Abstract. The growth dynamics of building construction in the Belgorod Region is growing with the increase in federal programs aimed at improving housing conditions. The number of residential buildings built in 2019 is approaching the values of 2015, which indicates that the country has a correct and effective policy in the field of civil construction. The construction of infrastructure facilities is lagging behind the construction of residential facilities. The largest volumes of construction of residential buildings in the Belgorod region are observed in 2015 not only in large cities, but also in rural areas, this is due to the development of infrastructure, the emergence of new industrial facilities, as well as the development of economic complexes in the region.
Key words: construction rates, residential buildings, non-residential buildings, rural areas, construction development programs.
Nina Sergeeva, Anton Komkov
On the Issue of Solving the Problem of Increasing the Efficiency of Dismantling Works at the Objects of Renovation of the Housing Stock of the Early Years of Construction
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Bryansk State Engineering and Technological University», Russian Federation, Bryansk
Abstract. The article discusses some issues of improving the processes of renovation of the housing stock of the early years of construction, namely the so-called «Khrushchev houses» built in the 60s of the last century and later. The relevance of the topic lies in the problem of a reasonable selection of equipment and an increase in the level of mechanization of labor-intensive loading and unloading and dismantling operations at renovation facilities. The stages of work performed during the dismantling of structures of buildings subject to demolition under the renovation program are presented. The authors, exploring the ways and approaches to increasing the efficiency of labor-intensive dismantling works with a high level of manual labor, express their own point of view on the choice of effective technologies and means of mechanization. The approaches studied in the future should simplify the selection of a rational version of an automated tool to improve the quality selection of equipment when performing dismantling works.
Key words: construction production, loading and unloading and dismantling works, housing stock, «Khrushchev houses», renovation, complex mechanization, manual operations, efficiency, productivity.
Sergey Mezheritsky, Tatyana Lukyanova, Anna Ivasishina
Traditional and Innovative Landscaping Methods in Creating Objects of Sustainable Architecture
Institute of Building, Architecture and Housing and Communal Services of the Lugansk National University of the name of Vladimir Dahl, Lugansk
Abstract. The article touches upon the urgency of the problem of ecology in the world, the ways of creating objects of sustainable architecture and the role of landscaping in this process. The main goal is to show the advantages of using different methods of landscaping to solve the environmental problem of cities. The positive influence of various types and systems of landscaping on the microclimate in the city and premises within the framework of the concept of sustainable development is emphasized. The article considers traditional and innovative methods of landscaping and the peculiarities of their application in order to achieve the greatest aesthetic and ecological effect in the creation of architectural objects and improvement of the urban environment; in design, new construction, reconstruction, regeneration, in interior decoration. The design features and advantages of each greening method, the variability of their application for each specific situation are analyzed.
Key words: urbanization, sustainable development, sustainable architecture, ecology, aesthetics, landscaping, microclimate, vertical and horizontal gardening, eco-parking, roof greening, mobile gardening, city farms.
Nina Sergeeva, Artem Volkov
On the Issue of Improving Scientific and Methodological Approaches to Improving the Efficiency of Dismantling Works at Man-Made Disaster Sites
Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology
Abstract. The article deals with the problem of increasing the efficiency of loading and unloading and dismantling operations, including as a result of man-made disasters, in cramped conditions and the need to perform work in a short time. The relevance of studying this issue is confirmed by the lack of scientific and methodological approaches to quickly solve the problem of choosing equipment for complex mechanized work organization and increasing the level of mechanization of labor-intensive dismantling works at man-made disaster sites, where, as a rule, it is necessary to perform most of the work with the involvement of manual labor. The authors, exploring ways and approaches to improve the efficiency of labor-intensive dismantling works with a high level of manual labor, express their own point of view on the choice of effective technologies and complex-mechanized organization at the sites of man-made disasters.
Key words: construction production, dismantling works, man-made disaster, complex mechanization, scientific and methodological approaches, manual operations, efficiency, productivity.
Juriy Tashkinov, Anastasiya Volga, Elena Vasilenko
Features of Application of Mineral Fertilizers at the Modern Stage of Landscape Design Development
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This review article discusses the consequences of using excess fertilizers: nitrite, ammonium, potassium, phosphorus, micronutrient fertilizers. The possibilities of satellite and computer technologies for differentiating the impact of mineral fertilizers, which allow saving a huge amount of material resources, improving the quality of the crop, and also solving environmental problems, are considered. The positive and negative aspects of using precision farming systems are considered. So, the positive aspects of using computer systems include: minimizing the cost of raw materials and materials; increased productivity; optimal nutritional regime for plants – improving the quality of the resulting products; reduction of anthropogenic load, and negatively – high cost and complexity of personnel training. The materials of the article will be useful for landscape designers, specialists in the field of agricultural technology and agriculture, gardeners.
Key words: precision farming, computer and satellite technologies, agrochemical analysis, differentiated fertilization; optimization, increased productivity, landscape design.
Oksana Sobol a, Mikhail Medvedev a, Vyacheslav Burlaka b
Comparative Analysis of Filling Stations. Petrol Stations. Advantages and Disadvantages
a Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, b Donetsk National Technical University
Abstract. An analysis of the number of vehicles (vehicles) in the world allows us to draw conclusions about a significant increase in cars in the first half of this century. Road transport in most countries has become the most affordable and convenient means of transport. However, with the increase in the fleet of cars, fuel needs for them and emissions of harmful substances to the environment increase. The current state of road transport by fuel types is as follows: gasoline engines (74 %), diesel (23.6 %), gas (~ 1 %), hybrid (about 1 %), alternative fuel and hydrogen less than 0.4 % [1]. In the context of the scientific research work of students of the mechanical faculty «Comparative Analysis of Filling Stations», this work presents the advantages and disadvantages of gasoline filling stations.
Key words: vehicle, fuel, gasoline, diesel, filling station.
Pavel Solovej a, Anatoly Perevarjuha a, Sergey Lazarev b, Dmitry Lazarev a
Investigation of the Accuracy of the Transmission of Axes to the Mounting Horizon by the GPS Method
a Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, b FLP «Lazarev»
Abstract. Studies of the accuracy of the transmission of axes from the initial to the mounting horizon were carried out using GPS receivers from Topcon (Japan) and Trimble (USA). As a result of geometric modeling of the internal grid on the initial and mounting horizons, it was found that the used GPS devices provide the declared passport accuracy and can be effectively used in the construction of high-rise buildings when transferring points to the mounting horizons in the fast static mode. At the same time, the device of through holes in the interfloor ceilings is excluded. In addition, the transfer of axes to mounting horizons in the fast static mode reduces the measurement time by more than two times compared to the static mode, the use of which is regulated by regulatory documents. At short distances between the base and bodypack, the fast static measurement time can be reduced to 10 minutes.
Key words: high-rise buildings, transmission of axes, GPS receivers, accuracy.
Evgeney Gayvoronsky, Tamara Zagoruyko, Aleksey Grigor’ev
Architectural and Urban Planning Reintegration of Disturbed Residential Facilities: the Role of Introspection in the Urban Context
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Scientific research highlights new trends in the typology of the reintegration of living space, with structures and their complexes taking into account disturbed social, physiological, biological, anthropometric, constructive, economic and some other connections that have an individual context. The problem was acutely manifested due to the influence of the external world geopolitical situation, the health situation (-the corona virus pandemic) and the socio-regional needs of groups and segments of the population. On the basis of the studied interdisciplinary scientific directions, conclusions are made as for regional relevance of the theme. Further scientific research in the field of introspective reintegration of residential disturbed architectural and urban planning spaces provides for fundamentally new approaches to the design of residential buildings and the formation of their environment.
Key words: reintegration, impaired functioning, housing, introspection, city context.
Daria Djerelei, Evgeney Gayvoronsky, Natalia Sidorova
Regional Features of the Architectural and Urban Planning Methodology of Forming a Comfortable Noise Urban Environment (on the Example of City Donetsk)
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article examines the factors and conditions which determine the modern requirements for the formation of architectural and urban planning methodology of forming a comfortable noise urban environment. The regulatory and methodological prerequisites have been studied; historical and cultural features, including urban planning features, features of the dominant industries, the use of building materials and structures during the development of the city, have been discovered; climatic conditions, including wind regime, indirectly: temperature, humidity and insolation regimes of the territory were determined; geolandscape prerequisites, including the features of the water frame and the frame of the city’s vegetation, as well as mining and geological features; features of the contingent, environmental and geopolitical features of the Donetsk region have been studied. These features determine the issues of urban planning and situational, functional planning, volumetric-spatial and compositional artistic solutions of the urban environment. The existing monographs on a given topic, as well as the world experience in reducing noise pollution of the urban environment, have been analyzed.
Key words: Donetsk region, architectural and urban planning methodology, regional prerequisites, noise pollution, noise comfort, noise in the urban environment.
Tatyana Malutina, Nikita Leonov, Alexander Shiptenko
Wonderful Points of the Triangle. Singular Point of Morley’s Theorem
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the consideration of the graphical algorithm for defining the main remarkable points of the triangle: Apollonius, Spiker, Gergonne, Nagel, which also include points that are isotomically conjugate with them, for example, the Lemoine point. An example of specifying the singular point of Morley’s theorem (the theorem on the intersection of trisectrices) is proposed. Based on the methods of parametrizing geometric shapes, a number of relations are obtained for deriving the equation of this singular point. The basis for obtaining it was the O-theorem (the main theorem of BN-calculus), which made it possible to find the center of an equilateral Morley triangle – the intersection point of the lines connecting the vertices of a given triangle with the opposite vertices of the Morley triangle.
Key words: remarkable points of a triangle, point (BN-) calculus, isogonal and isotomic conjugation, Cheva’s theorem, сheviana, a singular point of Morley’s theorem, trissector, angular parametrization.
Yaroslav Beletskiy, Alexander Serdyuk
Ways and Methods of Processing Alkaline and Carbon-Zinc Batteries
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. In connection with the use of various electrical equipment in our daily life, which requires constant uninterruptible power supply, the question arises about the recycling of such batteries as alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries. This article discusses the chemical composition of alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries, as well as the possible impact of their components on the environment. The method of processing such batteries using special equipment has been determined. This technique allows you to recycle alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries literally in your «garage» if you have a special crushing device that can separate the battery into its constituent components (zinc, cadmium and manganese, steel, as well as paper and plastic). Recycling batteries will reduce the extraction of minerals from the bowels of the Earth, and will also help reduce the cost of manufactured products.
Key words: alkaline batteries, zinc-carbon batteries, recycling.
Evgeney Gayvoronsky, Anastasia Fursova
Architectural and Urban Planning Formation of Transport and Logistics Centers on the Basis of Large Railway Station Complexes, Taking into Account the Specifics of the Donetsk Region
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article considers the factors and conditions, the analysis of which determines the current requirements for the architectural and urban development of transport and logistics centers based on the existing large railway complexes in the cities of the Donetsk region. The existing scientific and normative-legal literature sources are studied and considered for the presence of taking into account the specifics of the regions under consideration. Examples of international experience in designing transport and logistics centers are considered. Typological, technological, geopolitical, urban planning, natural-climatic, geolandscape, normative-legal, socio-economic, demographic and historical-cultural features of the Donetsk region are studied, which determine the issues of urban-situational, functional-planning, volume-spatial and compositional-artistic nature. The requirements necessary for compliance with the architectural and urban planning formation of transport and logistics centers based on the reconstruction of railway complexes in the Donetsk region are formulated.
Key words: аrchitectural and urban planning formation, transport and logistics centers (TLC), logistics centers, Donbass, Donetsk region, regional background.
Daria Djerelei, Evgeney Gayvoronsky, Ekaterina Drach
Features of the Regional Specifics of the Architectural and Urban Planning Organization of Militarized Agro-Industrial Complexes
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article examines the factors and conditions, the analysis of which makes it possible to determine the modern requirements for the architectural and urban planning organization of the agro-industrial complexes of the militarized type (APKVT). The authors’ publications related to the specifics of architectural and urban planning in the territory of Donbass are noted. The natural-climatic and geolandscape, town-planning and geopolitical, socio-economic, constructive-technical, environmental prerequisites that affect the organization of militarized agro-industrial complexes and objects, directly or indirectly, partially or completely performing their function, have been studied. These prerequisites determine the issues of urban planning and situational, functional planning, volumetric spatial, compositional and artistic nature. Specific examples of the architectural and urban planning organization of APKVT from international and regional practice are considered. The problems and advantages of placing objects of this type in the border areas of the Donetsk region have been identified. Studied the problem of the development of uncultivated lands from the position of the location of the APCVT.
Key words: Donetsk region, architectural and urban planning organization, regional prerequisites, agro-industrial complex of the militarized type (APKVT).
Nikolay Simonov, Dmitry Vybornov
Investigation of Ways of Deep Utilization of Heat From Heat-Generating Installations
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The authors in this article have analyzed theoretical and empirical studies in the field of technologies of deep utilization of heat from exhaust gases. Various methods for determining the heat transfer coefficient during the process of using surface-type condensation heat exchangers are considered. The dependence of the heat transfer coefficient on various values of the velocity of the outgoing combustion products and the density of irrigation of the outer surface of the heat exchanger with condensate of water vapor from the flue gases is also considered. In the part of the calculations, the check was made for the convergence of the obtained values of the heat transfer coefficients according to the empirical formulas proposed for calculation with the values obtained using the formulas of the classical theory of heat transfer. Based on the results of computational and analytical studies, the authors proposed a conclusion about the advisability of using the above empirical dependencies in the design of condensing heat exchangers utilizing the heat of flue gases.
Key words: combustion products, ribbed surface, condensation heat exchanger, heat transfer coefficient.
Lyubov Levchenko, Alexandra Alexandrova
Organization of Commissions to Increase the Stability of the Operation of a Dangerous Production Facility in the Face of Terrorism
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The organization of the commissions to increase the stability of the dangerous production facility in the conditions of terrorism in the Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) is achieved by organizing research on the stability of the dangerous production facility in the conditions of terrorism, preparation of proposals on the feasibility of practical measures. The article reveals the conditions that contribute to the commission of acts of terrorism at dangerous production facilities in the DPR. The main tasks for the prevention of terrorist threats are considered and the main criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the emerging anti-terrorist protection systems are entrusted to the commission to increase the resilience of a dangerous production facility in the face of terrorism.
Key words: dangerous industrial objects, stability of dangerous industrial objects, terrorist threat.
Igor Shilin, Vladislav Abraimov, Ivan Tolstikov
Improving the Technology of Paving Roads with Low Traffic Intensity by Stabilizing Sandy Loam Soil with an Aqueous Mixture of PERMA-ZYME Concentrate
Automobile and Road Institute SEI HPE «Donetsk National Technical University»
Abstract. This paper provides an improvement in the method of stabilizing sandy loam soil with an aqueous solution of Perma-Zyme concentrate for the construction of road pavement layers in local regional conditions with no traffic intensity. The basic information about the Perma-Zyme enzyme, the area of application of the enzyme for the road surface is considered. The types of stabilizers, their advantages and in which countries the use of stabilizers is relevant are also given. The basic requirements for the use of the enzyme for soil stabilization by the Perma-Zyme additive are formulated. Recommendations for the compositions of the road-traffic unit and the technological sequence of work to perform soil stabilization using an aqueous solution of the Perma-Zyme enzyme are considered. The results of testing the application of the Perma-Zyme stabilizer are presented, as well as a methodology for the selection of soil stabilizers. Conclusions are drawn about the positive effect of soil stabilization technology with the Perma-Zyme enzyme.
Key words: Perma-Zyme, enzyme, road surface, stabilizers.
Ivan Pafnutiev, Nickolay Pryadko
Inspection of a Residential Building of the First Mass Series in the City of Makeyevka
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article is devoted to the consideration of the problems of reconstruction of residential buildings built according to the projects of the first mass series («Khrushchev»), such as damage as a result of long-term operation and large heat loss due to non-compliance with modern requirements for thermal insulation, the factors that determine the relevance of the work are given. The article also provides examples of the reconstruction of residential buildings with an attic additionon the area of former USSR, surveys of the current state of the main supporting structures, embedded parts, windows and doors, and elements of the facade of a residential building in the city of Makeyevka on the 301st Guards Division street, an assessment of the condition of the soil was given to determine the possibility of addition the fifth and attic floors, the calculation of compliance with the heat transfer resistance requirements of the wall enclosing structure was made and the required thickness of insulation in the form of basalt mineral wool was selected to meet modern thermal insulation requirements. The directions of house reconstruction are proposed, taking into account modern requirements for energy saving and improvement of living without resettling the tenants.
Key words: residential building, inspection, reconstruction, thermal insulation, defect, addition, heat loss, energy efficiency.
Olexander Yefremov, Denis Malinin
Technological Properties of Non-Autoclave Slag-Alkali Foam Concrete using TPP Ash
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental research in the field of technology for the production of non-autoclave foam concrete. It has been established that the use of a slag-alkaline binder instead of Portland cement in the composition of foam concrete mixtures makes it possible to accelerate the plastic strength of the raw material by 2.5 times. Increasing the percentage of ash from hydro removal from 0 to 30 % by weight of dry components increases the fluidity of the non-porous mixture and allows reaching standard values (22…26 cm) for the production of non-autoclaved aerated concrete of D600 and D700 grades. With an increase in the consumption of ash from hydro removal to 40 %, the setting time of the slag-alkaline binder is significantly slowed down. The beginning of setting increases 2.5 times, and the end – 1.5 times compared to the composition with 100 % content of ground granulated blast furnace slag.
Key words: on-autoclave foam concrete, slag-alkaline binder, hydraulic ash removal, plastic strength.
Ivan Pafnutiev, Tamara Zagoruyko, Nickolay Pryadko
Experience in the Reconstruction of Residential Buildings in the CIS Countries
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article discusses the problems of reconstruction of residential buildings, the main of which are the high consumption of fuel and energy resources in heating networks, as well as the potential accident rate of housing and the need to extend its service life. The substantiation of the relevance of the study of the problems of reconstruction is given, the main factor of which is a large amount of the area of the housing stock of buildings of the «Khrushchev» type in the Donetsk region (22 % of the total volume in Ukraine). The article provides examples of the reconstruction of residential buildings with 4–5 floors in the countries of the former USSR with the addition ofattic floor. The analysis of plans for the reconstruction of buildings was carried out and common problems and methods of their solution were identified. In the conclusions, methods of solving the problems of residential buildings during reconstruction with the help of a superstructure are given, based on familiarization with the considered implemented projects.
Key words: reconstruction, residential building, addition, energy efficiency, attic.
Vadim Tansky, Sergey Gorozhankin
Operation of a Vehicle with a Hybrid Power Plant in Urban and Suburban Traffic Conditions
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. In this work, the goals are set to analyze the prospects for using a three-cylinder balanced internal combustion engine (ICE) as part of a hybrid power plant (GPP). Consider the prospects for using oxygen-zinc storage batteries (SB) as a current source for driving a traction motor. The scientific novelty lies in the consideration of the main parameters of storage batteries in order to reduce the total weight of the car and reduce the cost of the GPP. As a result, it can be concluded that the use of an in-line three-cylinder internal combustion engine allows to reduce the weight of the car and increase the strength of the crankshaft by reducing its length. Zinc-oxygen batteries can help to reduce the total weight of the car, increase dynamic performance and reduce fuel consumption when driving from an internal combustion engine in urban and suburban traffic.
Key words: hybrid power plant, internal combustion engine, storage battery, fuel consumption, vehicle weight, vehicle dynamics.
Victoriia Mazur, Tamara Zagoruiko, Alina Shevchuk
Methods of Construction of High-Rise Monolithic Frame Buildings
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article deals with the comparison of classical technology with the floor-by-floor arrangement of monolithic structures in removable or non-removable formwork and the method of lifting floors and floors. For each method, the technological features of their implementation are given. Implementation of projects in practice of modern engineering solutions in the field of construction of buildings and structures using a crane, construction of buildings by lifting floors, a standard plan for the construction of a core of rigidity. The advantages and disadvantages, the expedient use of a method that meets all the stated requirements, being advanced and competitively capable, are considered. A cost-effective comparative analysis is provided, which allows you to conduct construction in a short time.
Key words: method of lift-slab-floors, monolithic frame buildings, technological features, advantages and disadvantages, technical and economic analysis.
Nikolai Prishchenko, Tamara Chernysheva, Alla Dudnik, Vladislav Samchenko
Noise Mode in the Residential Area From the Sources of AOZT DGMZ No. 2
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Noise in the workplace causes great damage, adversely affecting the human body, reducing labor productivity. Noise affects people not only in production, but also in residential areas, especially in cities near noisy enterprises, as well as on streets with a large amount of transport. The article presents the results of field and theoretical studies of the noise regime on the territory of the shops of sterilization, thickening and drying of milk No. 1, No. 2, as well as on the residential territory from the noise sources of the plant. Analysis of the results of studies at a distance of 2m from the facades of residential buildings No. 18 and 31 on Tupolev Street in Donetsk showed that the total sound levels exceed the standard levels for night time by 16.1 and 13.6 dBA, respectively, and daytime – by 6.1 and 3.6 dBA. For each noise source, noise-proof design solutions have been developed: roof fans – four acoustic screens, cyclone sockets (drying shops No. 1, 2) – two single-chamber silencers KG1, vent deflectors-single-chamber silencers KG2, the noise of milk trucks-acoustic shelter AU2.
Key words: noise, noise mode, dB, dBA, noise-proof design solutions, acoustic screen (shelter), chamber silencer.