Valery Shebanov, Nikolay Pryadko
Reinforcing Concrete Beam with Composite Materials
Donbas National Academy Of Civil Engineering And Architecture
Abstract. This article is devoted to the consideration of issues and nuances of reinforcing buildings and structures with the use of composite materials; the basic schemes for reinforcing concrete structures with composite materials are considered. The question of the feasibility of using composite materials when reinforcing reinforced concrete structures in order to reduce the weight and material consumption of the reinforcement structure is revealed. The requirements for calculating the reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures with composite materials are given. The entire reinforcement process using composite materials is considered, an algorithm for performing reinforcement of reinforced concrete beams using a fiber reinforced system is given. The analysis of reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures by external reinforcement with fiber reinforced systems and steel structures is carried out.
Key words: beam, reconstruction, structural reinforcement, reinforcement, defects, composite materials.
Tamara Chernysheva, Alina Burtseva, Zhanna Glazunova
Providing Normalized Conditions of Natural Lighting in the Premises of a Kindergarten in Kerch
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article presents the dependence of the adopted design decisions on the phased planning of natural lighting of the premises of the buildings of preschool institutions. The choice of the natural lighting system is based on the architectural and structural solutions of the building. All this makes the calculation of the natural lighting of the building one of the fundamental aspects of design. The article presents the calculations of the coefficients of natural illumination for rooms of various functional purposes when planning the interior space of the building of a kindergarten in the city of Kerch. In the premises of residential and public buildings with side lighting on the one hand, the normalized minimum value of the coefficient of natural light should be provided at the design point of the work surface, the most distant from the windows. The calculations were performed by the graphoanalytical method. The calculated values of the coefficients of natural illumination for game rooms and bedrooms satisfy the requirements of regulatory documents.
Key words: natural light, area light, coefficient of natural light, lateral daylight system.
Juriy Tashkinov, Vladimir Sklonchak, Igor Aksenov
Research of Thermodynamics of Portland Cement Curing using Data Mining Technology
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The technology for predicting heat release during hardening of Portland cement in the Statistica 6.0 software package is considered. Empirical data were collected (using the Internet as a source, because the transition to a remote training format) on the amount of heat generated during curing of thirteen samples with different ratios of tricalcium aluminate, tricalcium silicate, tetracalcium aluminoferrite, dicalcium silicate. A multiple linear regression analysis of the experimental material was carried out. The linear equation is obtained: Q = 2,57735+1,46831·m(3CaO·Al2O3)+0,66225·m(3CaO·SiO2), which allows calculating the amount of heat released from the initial empirical information on the ratio of the components of Portland cement. A statistical verification of the results was carried out using the normality of the residues. The experimental data are compared with those predicted in the regression equation. The conclusion is drawn about the effectiveness of Data Mining technologies in the activities of a technologist for the production of building materials.
Key words: Big Data, Data Mining, production of building materials, chemical thermodynamics, thermodynamic computer modeling.
Angelina Stupina, Tamara Zagoruiko
Psychological Prerequisites for the Formation of a Loft
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article discusses the psychological background connected with the formation of the loft. Loft (Eng. Loft – «attic») is an architectural style formed in the period of the 20th – 21st centuries in New York and is applicable to the interior decoration of the attic type residential and office premises. The loft style is characterized by unprocessed brick and concrete walls, metal or wooden furniture. The loft is a converted premise of an abandoned factory or other industrial buildings for living. The psychological conditions of the loft formation for people mean the creation of a feeling of stability and a feeling of reliability. The problem of industrial territories that find themselves in the city limits exists in many developed countries. The European solution, implemented in recent decades, is a radical transformation of industrial zones or their withdrawal from cities.
Key words: loft, industrial cities, industrial territories.
Sergey Samsonenko, Kristina Galtsova
Thermistor Sensors Made of Polycrystalline Diamond Materials
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The widespread introduction of automation necessitates the improvement of the element base of automatic devices. One of the parameters characterizing the state of automation objects is temperature. It is relevant to measure the temperature of aggressive liquid media. Since diamond is chemically inert to aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis and salts, it can be considered as one of the promising materials for the manufacture of thermometric sensors. The possibility of manufacturing thermometric sensors from polycrystalline diamond materials is being considered. The most suitable materials are polycrystalline diamond films and polycrystalline diamond compacts. It has been established that the electrical properties of polycrystalline diamond materials are determined by dislocation conductivity, which in turn is determined by the structure of diamond materials. The change in temperature coefficient of resistance can be controlled by changing the manufacturing parameters of polycrystalline diamond materials.
Key words: automation, thermoresistive sensors, diamond, dislocations.
Tamara Zagoruiko, Sofia Andreeva
The Latest Global Trends in the Design of Medical Institutions
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The work is devoted to the analysis of global trends in the design of medical facilities. The main problems of medical institutions, which today are given special attention to, are outlined. The relevance of the theme is confirmed by the need to improve the design methods of modern buildings of medical institutions, as well as the need to reconstruct existing buildings. The development options of domestic hospitals are being considered taking into account current trends in the development of this industry. The authors pay attention to modern design concepts of medical institutions aimed at creating a healthy psychological atmosphere for patients and staff, as well as the current trend of creating medical clusters.
Key words: medical institution, medical cluster, salutogenic architecture.
Lyubov Levchenko, Alina Byvalina
Problems of Nutrition on Non-Maintenance Virological Facilities During the Project, Work, Employment in the Field of Operation and Operation
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The stability of hazardous production facilities is the state of protection of the vital interests of the individual and society from accidents at hazardous production facilities and the occurrence of emergency situations at these facilities. The article reveals the main problems of sustainability that exist on the territory of the Donetsk People’s Republic at the stages from design to the commissioning of hazardous production facilities. The main solutions to stability problems due to a systematic approach at the stage of their design, construction, commissioning and operation in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and legislative acts are given.
Key words: hazardous industrial facilities, the risk of accidents, the sustainability of facilities, emergency situations.
Lyudmila Chaika, Alexander Fedorov
Analysis of Ecological and Sanitary Possibilities of Sedovo Village as a Resort Territory of the Donetsk People’s Republic
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The paper raises an urgent problem for the Donetsk People’s Republic, related to the need to expand the capabilities of the territory of the Azov sea not by expanding their borders, but as a result of the analysis of available natural, historical, educational or resort and sanatorium resources. The village of Sedovo has always been considered a resort destination not only for residents of the former Donetsk region. Even in these difficult years, it continues to be attractive both from the point of view of the proximity of the sea, especially for children, and from the point of view of the financial capabilities of the population. The problems discussed in the article relate primarily to the solution of the ecological and sanitary condition of the village, the restoration of existing infrastructure. At the same time, in the village of Sedovo, there are many factors that characterize specifically resort areas, but they are, unfortunately, either not used at all, or are not used effectively. The analysis of the ecological and sanitary situation arising in connection with a sharp increase in the number of tourists in the period from April to the end of October showed that the deterioration of the sanitary and epidemiological condition of the village leads to adverse environmental consequences. The results obtained made it possible to draw conclusions about the possibilities and compliance of possibilities Sedovo with the requirements for resort areas.
Key words: problem, environmental and sanitary condition, natural factors, attractions, infrastructure, analysis, opportunities, compliance, resort.
Tatyana Malyutina, Ilya Voloshchuk, Vasily Zhevanov
The Computational Algorithm for Constructing a Surface of Revolution by the Methods of BN-Calculus
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The paper considers an example of a point wise definition of a surface of revolution with a flat guide curve in the form of a circular sinusoid located in the general position plane, based on the Balyuba-Naidysh point calculus (BN-calculus) – the method of moving simplex (MPS) and its application in constructing technical surfaces forms. We also consider the point equation of a circular sinusoid constructed according to the well-known computational algorithm using BN calculus methods.
Key words: BN calculus, surface of revolution, surface of technical form, mobile simplex method, point equation of a circular sinusoid.
Alexander Balakay, Maxim Tsyganov, Dmitry Aleynik, Evgeniy Dmitrenko
The Dependence of the Bearing Capacity of Inclined Sections on the Action of the Shear Force on the Change in the Length of the Projection of the Inclined Section
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article is devoted to the refinement of design parameters in determining the bearing capacity of inclined sections of bent elements of rectangular cross section. The calculation of the inclined section on the action of transverse forces presented in the current standards, which is based on the equilibrium equation of the external and internal transverse forces acting in an inclined section with the projection length «C» on the longitudinal axis of the element are considered in this article. The changes in the shear force perceived by transverse reinforcement and concrete and the bearing capacity of a reinforced concrete sample, in general, for different sizes of the cross section depending on the length of the projection of the inclined crack are studied in this paper.The results of determining the most dangerous design case, depending on the projection length of the inclined crack are presented in this paper.
Key words: reinforced concrete structures, bearing capacity, transverse reinforcement, cracks, calculation.
Tamara Vinogradova, Andrey Grechko
On the Calculation of Reinforced Concrete Beam Structures on the Effect of Short-Term Dynamic Loads
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The paper presents the calculation method of reinforced concrete beam on the action of non-periodic loads of high intensity using the differential equation of motion. This class of loads refers to special loads that last for a fraction of a second. When calculating the design for such impacts, it is advisable to take into account the development of plastic deformations in the cross sections, with the formation of plasticity joints due to reaching the yield point in the working longitudinal armature. It is noted that at an increased rate of deformation of reinforcement and concrete structures, there is a delay in plastic deformations in them, and this leads to an increase in the strength characteristics of materials. The values of dynamic hardening coefficients for reinforcing steels and concrete are given, depending on their deformation rate. An example of calculation of a single-span freely supported beam for the action of an instantaneous pulse is performed. The calculation is based on the elastic-plastic model of structural deformation under load. After solving the differential equation of beam motion under the appropriate initial and boundary conditions, all parameters that characterize the stress-strain state of the structure in time can be determined.
Key words: reinforced concrete, short-term dynamic loads, dynamic strengthening of rebar and concrete, impulse load, elastic-plastic Prandtl diagram, differential equation of beam movement.
Mikhailo Moskal, Elena Gladkaia
The Place of Estimated Regulation in the System of Examination and Management in the Residential Real Estate Market
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The analysis of the adaptation of budgeting to modern problems of life cycle assessment in the residential real estate market is carried out. A number of recommendations on improving software analysis, examination and management of the real estate market are given. Recommendations on the practical application of estimated software systems at all stages of the life cycle of residential real estate are given. The characteristic of modern problems in housing construction, the features of the formation of the life cycle of residential real estate are given. The connecting role of the estimated standardization at all stages of the investment cycle from pre-design work to the commissioning of housing facilities, as well as for the period of operation and their further elimination, is emphasized.
Key words: real estate, life cycle, estimated business.
Evgeniy Horokhov, Volodymyr Vasylev, Andrey Mironov, Anastasiia Shcherbina
Tensely-Deformed State of Metallic Ellipse Иeam
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. With the purpose of providing of fire safety in 1838–1839 for the reconstruction of the Winter palace the new ferrous ellipse beams of component section were used by flight a to 15 m. An ellipse beam is worked out by an engineer М. Е. By Clark and is the prototype of the modern flange thin-walled beam. A four-layer ellipse wall with 0.8 mm sheets and a system of central struts ensured its stability. For making of beams riveting, screw-bolt connections and blacksmith’s technology of treatment of ferrous constructions were used. The building getting up is envisaged in tanks. The prepared beams before setting in project position were exposed to the test (to the static tests). The results of research of the tensely-deformed state of ellipse beam and thin-walled flange beam of identical geometry are reflected in the article, with the use of modern programmatic complexes. The calculation of models was produced in the geometrically linear raising of task, during resilient work of material.
Key words: Winter Palace, reconstruction, ellipse beam, building rise, thin-walled beam, blacksmithing technology for manufacturing metal structures, rivet, bolt, static tests, numerical studies.
Valeriy Aleksandrov a, Svetlana Frolova a, Anastasiya Sadomova b
Parameters of Quasi-Impotent and Irreqular-Vibration Crystallization
a Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture,
b Donetsk National University
Abstract. By the method of thermal analysis in the temperature – time coordinates, the regularities of changes in the pre-crystallization supercooling of bismuth during continuous thermal Cycling are studied. Using thermograms of bismuth fusibility obtained by thermal analysis, kinetic parameters were calculated for melting, as well as for quasi-equilibrium (KRK, without supercooling) and non-equilibrium-explosive (NRK, with supercooling) crystallizations. It is established that a significant difference in the parameters of quasi-equilibrium and nonequilibrium-the explosive crystallization is due to the fact that crystallization of type KRK almost falls of the stage of nucleation and the parameters such as the fraction of all nuclei in a supercooled melt; the proportion of the melt, solidified by coagulation, and are not involved in coagulation and nucleation throughout the volume, the solidified part of the sample; the degree of hypothermia ; the critical size of the embryo; the work of the formation of the embryo; the warmth of nucleation.
Key words: bismuth, crystallization, hypothermia, thermograms of melting.
Alexander Demidov, Dmitry Meh, Kyryl Parasyuk
Stability of Three-Flight Bars
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The stability of centrally compressed elements is an urgent task of building mechanics and steel structures in the form of multi-span rods. The article proposes a methodology for solving a number of specific stability problems for three-span rods. In this case, the theoretical basis for calculating flexible rods in longitudinal-transverse bending is used. To do this, we used the differential equation of longitudinal-transverse bending, which is solved in a closed form by the method of initial parameters. The problems of determining the coefficient of reduction of length for three-span rods with a number of different ways of fixing in one plane of inertia are considered. A connection is established between the desired independent variable in the resolving functions of the differential equation and the length reduction coefficient. The presented technique can be applied to calculate these rods and under different fixing conditions in the main planes of inertia.
Key words: longitudinal-transverse bending, stability, method of initial parameters, coefficient of reduction of length, critical force.
Nadezhda Karamanesht a, Tatiana Malashenko a, Oksana Sobol b
Alternative Energy as a Way to Solve Global Environmental Problems
a Donetsk National Technical University, b Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The search for alternative sources of energy, which will not only produce a huge amount of energy, but will not lead to pollution of the environment, mankind began to think after it became clear that natural reserves of hydrocarbons are quite limited. The increasing energy needs of mankind, the deterioration of the environmental situation on the planet due to traditional methods of energy generation and the decline in the reserves of its non-renewable sources are global problems of our time. This paper provides an overview of the main alternative energy sources and a comparative analysis of their cost and efficiency. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that various alternative sources were promising.
Key words: alternative energy, renewable resources, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, ecology, environmental protection.
Vitalii Rozhkov, Pavel Dyominov, Yulia Vasilyeva
Wastewater Treatment on Crushed Anthracite in Systems with Airlift Bioreactor
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article presents the results of exploratory studies on the degree of effectiveness of the suspension of suspended solids in aeration tanks-clarifiers with a self-renewing suspended layer. The possibility of a granular loading operation from crushed anthracite on the wastewater treatment in systems with airlift bioreactors in filter cycle durations typical of such structures was evaluated. The concentration of suspended solids at the exit of the bioreactor was 17…19 mg/l, the concentration of suspended solids in the filtrate was 3…4 mg/l. The data obtained indicate the promise of using crushed anthracite as a filter charge for the treatment of wastewater in systems with airlift bioreactors.
Key words: granular filter, post-treatment, crushed anthracite, filter cycle, waste water, sludge consumption.
Anton Kandaev, Victor Gubar
Comparative Analysis of the Water Resistance of Restoration Solutions
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The paper considers the properties of lime-cement composites with the introduction of filler. Indicators of normal density, separability and water retention capacity are given. From the research results it follows that the introduction of filler can increase the degree of filling of cement stone and optimize the saturation of cement stone with filler, which reduces water demand and increase strength compared to cement-lime composition. For stucco lime mixtures, it is optimal to reduce the consumption of lime by 40…50 % with the introduction of filler in the amount of 80 % of the replaced mass of lime. Cemented stucco mortars with a filler have lower water absorption and a lower drop in strength in a water-saturated state by 20…25 % in comparison with cement-lime mortar, which increases frost resistance up to 15 %.
Key words: restoration mortars, cement-lime mortar, adhesion.
Oleg Pshenichnykh, Nina Miklashevich
Resistance of Modified Breakstone to Mastic Asphalt Concrete to Wheel Track Rutting
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Comparative results of the study of rutting resistance of breakstone asphalt concrete modified with ethylene glycidyl acrylate of the «Elvaloy-AM» brand are presented. It is shown that a complex modification of the structure of asphalt concrete with ethylene glycidyl acrylate Elvaloy-AM and polyphosphoric acid can significantly improve the deformation-strength properties of breakstone-mastic asphalt concrete. It was established that after over 20 thousand wheel passes along one track, the track depth of the traditional crushed stone mastic asphalt concrete was 2.5 mm, and that of the complex-modified structure was 1.5 mm.
Key words: breakstone mastic asphalt concrete, polymer modifier, structure, rut-resistance
Viktor Levchenko, Vyacheslav Zavialov, Nikolai Nevgen, Aleksandr Chipizhko
The Role of Material Resources Economy in Construction
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The predicting of the impact of scientific and technological progress on the materials consumption in construction is one of the major problems for present days. Its correct solution allows to balance the coordination between production and consumption of the main types of material resources. For the optimal solution of all complex problems it is necessary to develop and implement methods for their balanced interdependences as well as a taking into account the feasibility of made decisions. The main principle of the construction industry is the problem of material capacity decrease effecting significantly on cost estimate of civil engineering. The main factors are the labour content, material capacity and funding of production. The paper deals with the main principles of efficacy in capital investment at decreasing of material capacity in engineering.
Key words: material capacity, efficacy, reconstruction, balance.
Nikolai Vatin, Renat Nurmukhametov
Fiberglass Micro Pile Reinforcing Soft Clays
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Abstract. Influence of reinforcing FRP elements on the soft clays is investigated. Fiberglass helical pile was designed and produced by Composite Group LLC. Pile is made with pultruded fiber reinforced polymer pipe and cast iron screw what increases installation speed and life period due to corrosion absence. This type of micro pile is lighter compared to steel screw piles. Scale laboratory tests were performed imitating vertical elements installed at soft water saturated clays. Reduction of the weak clays’ settlements due to implemented reinforcing elements is described. Results of performed laboratory tests are provided. Experiments have shown that after 30 days vertical reinforcing bars reduce the deformations. Also reinforcement reduces the speed of foundation settlements grow during first two days due to long term consolidation.
Key words: fiberglass, composite pile, helical pile, FRP pile, micro pile, screw pile, water saturated clayey soil, soft clay.