Valery Bratchun, Oleg Pshenichnykh, Valentina Popova, Alexander Yakimov, Ekaterina Moroz, Yulia Shevchenko
Road Asphalt Polymer Sulfur Concrete of Increased Durability
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. It has been established that the rational mass concentration of butadiene-methylstyrene rubber SKMS-30 in bitumen of the third structure rheological type should be 2…3 % wt., industrial sulfur 30…40 % wt., and the optimal mass concentration on the surface of the mineral powder of synthetic rubber SKMS-30 is 0.5…1.0 % wt. DTA and IR spectroscopy thermograms indicate that there is no chemical interaction at the interface between the bitumen-polymer binder and activated SKMS-30 mineral powder. The adsorption-solvation layer of butadiene-methylstyrene rubber provides effective wetting and sorption of the activated mineral powder by the bitumen polymer binder. Asphalt polymer sulfur concrete mixtures are characterized by a wide compaction range of 60…130 °С, and asphalt polymer sulfur concretes have the following quality indicators: compressive strength, MPa, at 0 °С R0 = 8…10; at 20 °C R20 = 5.0…6.5; at 75 °C R75 = 1.2…1.4; swelling, % of volume – 0; water saturation, % of volume 1.5…2.0; coefficient of thermal aging at 75 °C for 1 200 hours, Kst = 1.25. The coefficient of water resistance at water saturation for 90 days is Kvd = 0,87.
Key words: road asphalt polymer sulfur concrete, technological and operational properties,
rational areas of application.
Valery Bratchun, Vitaly Bespalov, Elina Radyukova, Denis Borodai, Nikita Leonov
Environmental Safety of Cast Asphalt Polymer Production of Concrete Mixtures
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. An analytical review of effective road construction materials with increased environmental safety for emergency repair of coatings of non-rigid road pavements was carried out. We studied waste from the metal processing industry – sludge from neutralization stations (SN) of steel-wire-rope plants, on the example of the Khartsyzsk steel-wire-rope plant and polymer-containing waste from the production of epoxy resins (experimental plant of Donetsk UkrNIIPlastmass). The expediency of disposal of sludge from neutralization stations, surface-activated polymer-containing wastes from the production of epoxy resins as an activated mineral powder of complex-modified asphalt polymer concrete mixtures for the construction of structural layers of non-rigid pavements of increased durability. The regularities of the release and concentration of pollutants, primarily organic hydrocarbons, in the production of cast asphalt polymer concrete mixtures have been studied. The calculation method performed a quantitative assessment of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere at the asphalt concrete plant. It was established that the designed environmental safety measures lead to the fact that the production process of cast mixtures does not cause significant damage to the state of vegetation and the atmosphere at the industrial site of the asphalt concrete plant. Occupational health and safety measures have been developed for employees working at the asphalt concrete plant. The annual planned profit from the introduction of 50,000 tons of cast asphalt polymer-ceramic concrete mixtures will amount to 69,500,000 rubles.
Key words: technology for the production of cast asphalt polymer sulfur concrete mixtures, environmental safety, technological indicators of application of cast asphalt polymer sulfur concrete mixtures.
Elena Yegorova, Irina Petrik, Tatyana Kitsenko, Maxim Vodolad, Dmitry Vakhlakov
Corrosion Resistance of Self-Compacting Concrete with a Complex Admixture
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. In the work, the influence of a complex admixture consisting of a viscosity modifier and a superplasticizer on the corrosion resistance of self-compacting concretes was studied. The ash and slag mixture of the Zuevskaya TPP was used as a mineral filler. It has been established that the use of an ash and slag mixture as a mineral filler and the introduction of a complex admixture into the composition of self-compacting concretes increases their strength characteristics both in the early and later periods of hardening. In addition, the developed concrete compositions meet the requirements for changing the strength characteristics after keeping the samples in an aggressive environment. Also, there was no incompatibility of the viscosity modifier and superplasticizer used in the composition of the complex admixture, and its negative effect on the corrosion resistance of self-compacting concrete. Therefore, it can be recommended to use the developed concrete compositions in the production of products and structures used in road construction, which are subject to high requirements for surface quality and do not require additional processing.
Key words: self-compacting concrete, strength, viscosity modifier, superplasticizer, ash and slag mixture, corrosion resistance, acid corrosion.
Valentina Kibzun, Nina Nagornaya
Methodology for Assessing the Quality of Domestic and Imported Footwear Entering the Market of the Donetsk People’s Republic
State Organization of Higher Professional Education «Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky»
Abstract. In this article, the authors provide a methodology for assessing the quality of domestic and imported footwear, as well as a determination of the physical, technical and operational indicators of the quality of footwear that determine its safety. Factors ensuring safety of footwear for human life and health and, above all, integral indicator which includes mechanical, chemical and sanitary-hygienic hazards are considered. An evaluation scale is proposed for ranking an integral indicator of the level of safety of footwear for life and health of the population. When determining the ranking scale, the range from 0 to 0.30 is set as the low level of the integral safety indicator. Taking into account the interval step of 0.30, the boundaries of the second and third scale intervals are determined. When establishing the boundary of the fourth interval from 0.91 to 1, a division scale equal to the previous interval is adopted. A methodological approach to assessing the quality of footwear entering the market of the Donetsk People’s Republic is proposed. The developed ranking scale makes it possible to assess the level of safety of footwear for the life and health of the population.
Key words: consumer properties, footwear, quality, rank scale of footwear safety.
Nina Nagornaya, Valentina Kibzun
Qualimetric Assessment of the Quality of Materials for Floor Covering and the Cost of their Installation and Usage
State Organization of Higher Professional Education «Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky»
Abstract. The article provides the procedure for qualimetric assessment of qualitative and cost characteristics of various types of modern materials for floor covering. During the study, the quality of floor covering materials was assessed according to seven most important parameters, comprehensive and integral quality indicators of floor covering materials were obtained. Natural linoleum and cork coating are imported materials, which causes their high cost compared to materials of domestic production. Wood has indisputable consumer advantages, such as harmlessness for health, strength, good insulation qualities, beautiful unique texture pattern, as well as traditional human attachment to wood, which puts wood materials for floors in a more advantageous position compared to artificial materials. Domestic raw materials are widely used for the production of parquet products and floorboards. The reduction in initial costs is ensured by the use of new materials and structures, the authors have developed an approach to comparative assessment of the types of materials for floor covering. As a result of research, it was revealed that natural coatings have the best quality and cost indicators.
Key words: materials for floor covering, quality assessment, properties of floor coverings.
Yuriy Kochergin a, Leonid Karat b, Viktoriya Zolotareva a
Control of Properties of Composite Materials Based on Thiirane by Changing the Chemical Nature of Hardeners
a State Organization of Higher Professional Education «Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky», b SE «UkrgosNIIplastmass»
Abstract. The possibility of regulating the cure rate, the size of adhesive, deformation-strength and dynamic mechanical properties of adhesive composite materials based on thioglycidyl ether diphenylolpropane using amine hardeners of various chemical nature is investigated. As the latter, diethylenetriamine of the DETA brand, diethylenetriaminomethylphenol of the UP-583D brand and aminopolyamide of the PO-300 brand were used. It was found that the rate of adhesion and cohesive strength at the initial stage (during the first hour) of curing compositions containing UP-583D and DETA significantly exceed compositions cured by-300. The introduction of 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (accelerator of the UP-606/2 brand) into the composition has an insignificant effect on both the rate of strength gain and the value of the adhesive strength parameter itself. It is shown that the deformation at break, regardless of the type of hardener, monotonically decreases with increasing curing time, and especially rapidly in the first 1–2 hours of curing. The change in the concentration of the hardener and the introduction of the UP-606/2 accelerator into the composition significantly affect the amount of deformation at break only in the first 24 hours of curing. By the method of dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, it was found that as the curing time increases, the maximum value of the tangent of the angle of mechanical losses decreases, which may be due to the formation of a denser chemical crosslinking.
Key words: thioglycidyl ether of diphenylolpropane, thiirane, amine hardener, adhesive, defomation-strength and dynamic mechanical properties.
Igor Shilin a, Arkadii Khimchenko b
On the Possibility of Using the Technology of soil Stabilization with an Aqueous Mixture of PERMA-ZYME Concentrate for Road Construction
a Automobile and Road Institute SEI HPE «Donetsk National Technical University», Gorlovka; b Federal State Budgetary Educational Istitutional of Higher Education «Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter the Great», Voronezh
Abstract. The optimal composition of the soil mixture with an aqueous solution of the Perma-Zyme enzyme was determined with the provision of regulatory requirements for performing repair and restoration work on roads in the regional conditions of the Donetsk People’s Republic. It has been established that within 72 hours the modified soil stabilizes into a dense composite material that effectively resists wear and water permeability. The basic information about the stabilization (strengthening) of soils in road construction is considered. The main advantages of soil stabilization technology with an aqueous solution of the Perma-Zyme enzyme are given. The main requirements for solving the problem are given. The results of laboratory studies of soil samples are given and the analysis is carried out. The calculation of the composition is given and the technology of soil treatment with an aqueous solution of the Perma-Zyme enzyme is selected. Laboratory studies of molded soil samples treated with an aqueous solution of the Perma-Zyme enzyme are presented. The analysis of the results was carried out and conclusions on the study were formulated.
Key words: soil, Perma-Zyme enzyme, pavement, stabilizer, low traffic roads.
Vitaly Bespalov, Olga Narizhnaya, Artem Oleinik, Mikhail Borisov,
Vladislav Nazarenko, Tatiana Rodzina
Atmospheric Resistance of Modified Asphalt Polymers
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. It has been found that the most rational way to increase the durability of asphalt concrete is the complex control of the microstructure by modifying bitumen with ethylene glycidyl methacrylate in combination with polyphosphoric acid. On the example of the system: «hot asphalt polymer concrete modified with ethylene glycidyl-methacrylate» a theoretical and experimental method has been performed to obtain durable composite materials. It has been found that one of the most effective methods of modifying asphalt concrete mixtures providing matrix elasticity and strong bonding on the interface of phases «organic binding (OB) is mineral material» as well as the stability of the properties of concretes on organic binders in the process of technological processing and operation, is the complex regulation of the asphalt concrete microstructure by the introduction of an organic binder polymer combined with it or a complex admixture (polymer in combination with active dispersed filler) and mechanoactivation of mineral powder surface (MP) with a solution of a polymer or oligomer containing functional groups (carbamide formaldehyde resin, epoxy resins, polymer-containing epoxy resin production wastes, cubic styrene distillation residues, etc.).
Key words: oil road bitumen, asphalt polymer concrete, mineral powder, weather resistance, modifier, complex modification.
Konstantin Guba a, Denis Gulyak b, Aleksandr Stukalov b, Vyacheslav Zhevanov b, Mark Prudnikov b, Yulian Litvinov b, Tatiana Kozlova b
Polymer Additive for Bitumen Modification
a Automobile and Road Institute SEI HPE «Donetsk National Technical University», Gorlovka; a Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The ever-increasing requirements for the durability and performance of road surfaces of automobile roads in general make it necessary to look for new approaches to the quality, composition, production technology, storage and laying of asphalt mixtures. The growth of traffic intensity and the increase in loads negatively affect the road surface, therefore, it is necessary to find new ways to improve its quality. It is possible to improve the quality in various ways and methods. Particular attention should be paid to the materials that are part of the asphalt mix. One of the complex components of the mixture is bitumen, which, due to its plastic properties, makes it possible to maintain the ability not to collapse the coating when exposed to both low and high temperatures, as well as various deformation loads. The way to improve the quality of bitumen is to modify it with various polymeric admixtures. The introduction of polymer admixtures will significantly improve the properties and characteristics of bitumen, will provide elasticity, cohesion, softening point and brittleness.
Key words: bitumen, modification, modifying admixtures, asphalt concrete, polymer admixture.
Valentin Penchuk, Vladimir Sidorov
Historical Aspects of the Construction Industry Development
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Based on the analysis of the use of external energy and materials used in the construction industry, a pattern is determined associated with the complexity of production technology and the increase in specific energy for the construction industry. The sequence of the emergence and development of technologies that form the basis of modern civilization is shown. The historical classification of the use of various types of energy and materials in construction has been completed. The concept of technological structures in such aspects of influencing the development of society as energy and materials is not fully consistent. The analysis of the materials employed made it possible to track the pattern associated with the complication of the technology of their production and use in construction. Managing the quality of manufactured materials and products of the construction industry and building forecast models for its development requires knowledge about the properties of modern construction materials and products based on effective technological solutions of the past.
Key words: construction industry, energy, building materials, historical development.
Viktoriya Zolotareva a, Leonid Karat b, Yuriy Kochergin a
Control of the Properties of Epoxy Composites Using Monoglycidil Compounds
a State Organization of Higher Professional Education «Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky», b SE «UkrgosNIIplastmass»
Abstract. Acid-catalyzed condensation of alcohols with epichlorohydrin produced monoepoxide compounds, which are 2,3-epoxypropyl esters of cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol and 2-ethoxyethanol. In terms of dilution ability, they surpass the widely used phenylglycidyl ether (EFG) and cresylglycidyl ether of the UP-616 brand. It is shown that the properties of composite materials depend both on the type of diluent and on the curing mode (without heating and with heat treatment at 120 °C). Some diluents contribute to an increase in the parameters of tensile strength and deformation at break, as well as the adhesive strength of adhesive joints during shear, others – the modulus of elasticity and adhesive strength at separation. At the same time, the best combination of properties is provided by 2,3-epoxypropyl ethers of cyclohexanol and 2-ethoxyethanol. The synthesized epoxy diluents are suitably used for the preparation of low viscosity epoxy compositions, in particular for the production of filler materials, solvent-free varnishes, flooring materials with an improved complex of deformation-strength and adhesion properties.
Key words: epoxy composites, monoglycidyl diluents, epoxypropyl ethers of cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol and 2-ethoxyethanol curing mode, deformation-strength and adhesive properties.
Darya Bukina, Nikolai Zaichenko
Alkaline Binders and Concretes Based on Ashes and Slags of TPP
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The compositions and properties of alkaline cements and concretes from ash and slag waste of thermal power plants (TPP) have been studied. The results of a comparative study of the dependence of the activity of alkaline binders on the type of ash and slag waste, the concentration of the alkali solution and the duration of hardening under normal conditions, during steaming and autoclaving are presented. It was found that during hardening under normal conditions, the activity of binders is insignificant and amounts to 2.5…12 MPa. With heat and moisture treatment, especially autoclave treatment, it increases significantly. The activity of alkaline binders based on TPP slags is 1.5–2.0 times higher than the activity of similar compounds based on fly ash. On the basis of the developed binders, steamed and autoclaved concretes of grades 100-200 and 300-400, respectively, can be obtained. The study of the hydrophysical properties of concrete (shrinkage, swelling during water saturation, kinetics of water absorption, capillary suction and frost resistance) was carried out.
Key words: alkaline concretes, steaming, autoclaving, strength, shrinkage, swelling during water saturation, water absorption, capillary suction.
Valeriy Bratchun, Oleg Pshenichnykh, Vitaliy Bespalov, Alexander Serdyuk,
Tatiana Rodzina
Complex-Modified Road Asphalt Polymer Sulfur Concrete Micro-Reinforced with Chrysotilassbeth Fiber
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. For the complex-modified asphalt polymer sulphur concrete micro-reinforced with chrysotile-asbestos fibers of grade A-6K-30, the optimal temperatures were established: laying 140…155 °C; compaction 60…130 °C, which in turn increases the construction season and the transportation distance of the asphalt mix. Modified asphalt polymer sulphur concrete mixtures are characterized by lower specific compaction energy 0,95 j*m3/kg vs 1,27 j*m3/kg for hot asphalt mixes. Modified asphalt polymer sulfur concretes are characterized by higher performance properties than hot asphalt concretes: Marshall resistance 26.83 kN versus 15.26 kN, coefficient of heat resistance in the temperatur range during compression 3.6 versus 6.5; compressive strength at 50 °C 2.2 MPa > 1.2 MPa; coefficient of water resistance at long-term water saturation 1.0 > 0.85. Rigidity according to I. A. Rybiev increases 12 times, which indicates the ability to resist stresses that lead to plastic deformations.
Key words: road asphalt polymer sulfur concrete micro-reinforced with chrysotile-asbestos fibers, technological properties, deformation-strength characteristics, durability.
Oleg Pshenichnykh a, Evgeniy Romasyuk a, Ilya Voloshchuk a, Svetlana Dorokhova a, Dmitriy Samsonov a, Evgeniy Khomutov a, Rodion Gaidai b
Investigation of Fatigue Life of Dispersion-Reinforced Asphalt Concrete
a Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, b Don State Technical University
Abstract. The article experimentally proves that the introduction of dispersed reinforcement in the form of glass fiber, polypropylene and chrysotile-asbestos fibers into asphalt concrete mixtures can significantly increase the fatigue life of dispersed-reinforced asphalt concrete under the influence of short-term cyclic and long-term static loads. It has been established that the optimal content of polypropylene fiber (0.7 % wt.) made it possible to increase the fatigue life of asphalt concrete type «Gx» by 1.6 times. The optimal content of glass fiber and chrysotile-asbestos fibers (1.5 % wt.) made it possible to increase the fatigue life of dispersion-reinforced hot asphalt concrete under short-term cyclic loading by 32 and 22 %, respectively. The introduction of these fibers into a fine-grained asphalt concrete mix of type «B» made it possible to increase, on average, 1.9-2.1 times the fatigue life under the influence of long-term static loads.
Key words: asphalt concrete, dispersed reinforcement, fibers, fatigue life.
Stanislav Sorokanich, Anastasia Paramonova
Influence of Alumina-Containing Additive on Cement Stone Hydration Processes
SEI HE «Lugansk State University named after Volodymyr Dahl»
Abstract. This article discusses the influence of alumina-containing waste generated during the production of aluminum products – aluminum slag, on the processes of hydration of cement stone and its structure formation. Initial characteristics of alumina-containing additive of alumina slag are given, namely: chemical and particle size distribution, X-ray phase analysis data and X-ray images of cement stone samples with different concentration of alumina-containing additive of alumina slag. According to the X-ray phase analysis of cement stone with complex (AS + SP-1) additive of compositions No. 1, 2, 3, 4 and a control sample hardening for 1, 2, 3 days, changes in the intensity of diffraction reflections of the alite mineral were noted, which characterize the degree of hydration of Portland cement. At the same time, for samples of cement stone No. 1, 2, 3, 4, there is a decrease/increase in the intensity of diffraction reflections characteristic of the Portlandite mineral in comparison with the sample of the control composition. There is an increase in the intensity of diffraction reflections characteristic of calcium hydroaluminates in samples of compositions No. 1, 2, 3, 4 compared to the control sample. At the same time, there is a decrease in the intensity of diffraction reflections of the ettringite mineral. These data confirm the strength of the cement stone at different hardening times.
Key words: additive – alumina slag, technogenic waste, hydration, structure formation, hardening, strength, cement stone.
Helen Samojlova, Valentina Loshakova
Physical and Chemical Processes in the Production of Asphalt and Asphalt Polymer Binders/b>
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This paper summarizes the results of studies of the processes occurring at the interface between mineral powder (MP) and organic binder (OB) and in thin films of OB, carried out by the methods of differential scanning and isothermal calorimetry. Asphalt binders are a composition based on an organic binder and a fine mineral powder [1]. Bitumen (in asphalt binder) and bituminous polymer binder (in asphalt polymer binder) were used as OB. The modifying polymer in the production of polymer bitumen binder (PBB) was the reactive terpolymer Elvaloy AM from DuPont, USA (ethylene glycidyl acrylate). During the preparation of asphalt binders, the MP is wetted with an organic binder, it spreads over the surface, and thin surface films of organic matter are formed. Good wetting is a necessary condition for a strong adhesive bond in the «mineral material – organic binder» system and, therefore, is the prerequisite for the specified mechanical properties of the material [1]. Undoubtedly, the properties of OB in surface films differed from the properties of OB in bulk. The processes at the phase interface were accompanied by thermal effects, which made it possible to study them by calorimetric methods.
Key words: bitumen, modifier, terpolymer, Elvaloy AM, polymer bitumen binder (PBB), organic binder (OB), mineral powder (MP), wetting, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Victoriia Mazur, Maria Chayka
Investigation of Aerodynamic Coefficients of Buildings with Vaulted Coverings Made of Thin-Walled Steel Cold-Curved Arch Profiles
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the research of aerodynamic coefficients of buildings with vaulted coverings in the development of the provisions of SP 20.13330.2016 “SNiP 2.01.07-85*” Loads and impacts”. Numerical simulation of wind aerodynamics in the SolidWorks – Flow Simulation computational fluid dynamics software package makes it possible to study the wind effect on the vaulted covering at different angles of attack of the incoming wind flow on the frameless arched covering with specified geometric parameters. On the basis of the experimental data obtained, using statistical modeling methods, regression dependences were obtained to determine the aerodynamic coefficients on the surface of the vaulted covering at given geomeric parameters for frameless arch coverings, such as the ratio of the boom of the arch to the span (f/L) and the ratio of the height of the building to the span (h/L) at different angles of attack of the incoming wind flow.
Key words: aerodynamic coefficient, wind aerodynamics, numerical modeling, experimental and statistical modeling.